2 BULLETIN 445, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
orange-growing district of Bahia (Pl. I), though most of its com- 
mercial plantations do not date back more than 40 or 45 years. The 
name of the originator does not appear to be known at the present 
day, or the exact location of the property on which the variety origi- 
nated. Only the most fragmentary accounts are given by the orange 
growers, who should and probably do know more about the subject 
than most others. The most complete and probably the most ac-| 
curate statement is that furnished by the Rev. W. A. Waddell, a 
Presbyterian missionary, who has lived for years in the vicinity of 
Bahia and has been much interested in this subject, as follows: 
Twenty years ago an old man, a very intelligent cabinetmaker, told me that 
in his youth, before the independence of Brazil, the laranja de umbigo (navel 
orange) was found only in some groves in Cabulla. He, as a boy soldier, in 
company with his comrades, “chupou muitas” (ate many) during the siege 
of Bahia, being stationed in a grove that contained some trees. Most of his 
comrades had never seen them before, but he had seen them sold by the slaves 
of a Portuguese. He had heard that a “ mandinga” woman charmed a seed 
and made the first tree yield “ umbigoed ” fruit. This was information gathered 
when he was young, say, 1816 or 1818. I came to the conclusion that the 
seedling tree originated in Cabulla in 1810-1820, or perhaps even earlier, and 
was first propagated by a Portuguese grower, and that in 1822, the year of 
Brazilian independence, there was quite a lot of trees. Of course, the produc- 
tion of any odd-shaped fruit would be explained by fetichism among the lower 
classes. 
Tt will be noted that Dr. Waddell speaks of the “seedling tree ” 
which originated in Cabulla. All the evidence, however, indicates 
that the variety originated as a sport, or mutation, upon a Selecta 
orange tree, laranja selecta, as it is known in Brazil. The Selecta is 
almost identical with the navel orange in many characters and fre- 
quently shows a marked tendenc¥ to produce navel fruits, even 
though it is normally without any vestige of a navel. The Bahians 
themselves recognize the similarity between these two varieties and 
call the navel orange “ Selecta de umbigo,” or navel Selecta. This 
name may, in fact, have been given to the first navel tree to indicate 
its origin, 
The Selecta orange, while rarely seen at Bahia, is still cultivated 
commercially in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, especially at Sao — 
Goncalo, a suburb of Nictheroy. In one of the groves of this section, — 
that of Joao Elias Esteres, the presence of occasional fruits with 
well-defined navels was observed on trees which normally produced 
typical Selecta fruits. The navels in these fruits were in some cases 
as large and well developed as in the typical navel orange, although 
they did not protrude through an opening in the apical end of the 
fruit as commonly as in the latter variety. 
The typical Selecta orange (PI. IT) is slightly oblate in form and 
contains 15 to 20 seeds. In bud-sport fruits with navels (Pl. III), 
