8 BULLETIN 587,-U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
(4) While the data regarding the inftuence of time of picking on 
Jonathan spot are rather inconclusive, they indicate that it has little 
er no influence on its occurrence. 
Jonathan spot, like scald, develops much more rapidly aiter i 
drawal than in storage, though the increase is not as marked as in 
the case of scald. It is an interesting fact that some lots of Jonathans 
are severely affected by Jonathan spot, while others apparently 
identical in every other way are entirely free or nearly so. 
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFT SCALD IN STORAGE, 
Soft scald varies greatly in importance and severity in different 
years. None of the experiments so far has led to any definite conclu- 
sions. Jonathan, Blue Pearmain, and Wealthy seem to be particularly 
susceptible and are often rendered worthless in storage because of 
soft scald. Soft scald varies from small spots an eighth of an inch or 
less across to large areas that sometimes include the whole surface of 
the apple. The scalded area is light brown, becomes markedly sunken, 
is distinctly margined, and the flesh beneath turns brown and softens 
somewhat. In severe cases this condition may extend well into the 
flesh. The cause of soft scald is not definitely known, and there seems 
at present to be no way of preventing it. 
As with the Jonathan spot, in one lot nearly every apple may be 
affected, while in others apparently no soft scald is found. Soft 
scald increases rapidly after withdrawal from cold storage, and fruit 
that is slightly affected when withdrawn may soon become worthless. 
There is usually more soft scald in apples delayed before storage than 
in apples stored immediately. On Jonathans the severity of soft 
scald increases rapidly after withdrawal from cold storage, and fruit 
severe on apples known to have been cooled to temperatures below 
32° F. There are also indications that the trouble is related to box 
bruising or bruising resulting from very tight packing. 
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCAB IN STORAGE, 
Seab is another serious skin blemish, differing from the forms 
previously mentioned in that it is a fungous disease and can be quite 
effectively controlled by proper spraying while the fruit is on the 
tree. This serious trouble often develops at a temperature of 32° F. 
on fruit apparently free from scab when stored. The orchard treat- 
ment of the crop must be such as to insure a product free from scab 
for storage, for it can not be controlled by spraying or by dipping 
in a fungicidal solution after the apples are picked. Preventive 
measures must be taken by the grower and can be taken by him 
alone. This again emphasizes the importance of good orchard sani- 
tation, not only to maintain the vigor and health of the. trees but 
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