STORAGE OF APPLES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 5 
designated “Immediate”; the second, “ Delayed.” Both lots were 
stored at 31° to 32° F. and inspected four times during the winter, 
as in the case of the fruit for the maturity tests. 
(3) A determination of the effect of storage temperatures on the 
keeping quality of several varieties. 
For this purpose a certain number of boxes of a variety were se- 
cured from the same orchard on the same day, and, as in all the ex- 
periments, care was taken to secure as nearly as possible the same type 
and grade of fruit. Part of each lot was stored immediately at a tem- 
perature of 31° to 32° F., and the remainder was also stored imme- 
diately at 35° to 86° F. During the seasons of 1912-13, 1913-14, and 
1914-15 a limited number of boxes were stored in air-cooled storage 
houses at Hood River, Oreg., Payette, Idaho, and other points, while 
comparable lots of the same varieties were held at temperatures of 
32° and 35° F. The system of inspection was similar to that followed 
for the maturity tests. i 
(4) A study of the keeping quality of different varieties grown 
and handled under ordinary commercial conditions and stored im- 
mediately at 31° to 32° F. 
These experiments included nearly all varieties of importance or 
of promise as storage varieties grown in the three principal sections 
where work was done. A few varieties were included which, though 
not widely distributed, seem to possess very good keeping quality. 
Tn addition to the above factors, tests were made of fruit grown on 
old and young trees, of poorly colored and well-colored fruit, of large 
and small fruit, of fruit from different soil types, of fruit grown 
under irrigation and without irrigation, and under cover crop and 
elean-culture conditions. Other experiments were conducted to de- 
termine the effect of dipping fruit in various fungicidal solutions or 
spraying it with a fungicide after picking as a means of controlling 
anthracnose decay and apple scab. The effect of water core and dry- 
rot on the keeping quality of the fruit has also been studied. 
TROUBLES AFFECTING APPLES IN STORAGE AND FACTORS IN 
THEIR CONTROL. 
It must not be assumed that the conditions discussed under “ Func- 
tion of cold storage ” entirely prevent storage troubles, for at no tem- 
perature and under no known condition is it possible to check entirely 
the physiological changes and ripening processes or the development 
of fungous decays without destroying the value of the fruit. Few 
varieties of apples will keep in perfect condition even in cold storage 
more than a few months, and varieties that will hold in good condition 
during a long storage season are decidedly valuable. 
The troubles that affect northwestern apples in storage may be 
divided for this discussion into two main groups: (1) Those that 
