THE GENUS CALOSOMA. 65 



provided with rows of lateral and ventral spines. Legs spiny. Caudal appendages 

 bearing a few spines. 



Second stage (PL X, C, D). — Average length, 15.5 mm.; average width, 3.4 mm. 

 Much stouter than first-stage larva. Body shining jet-black, mandibles and legs 

 mahogany brown, mouthparts lighter, nearly honey yellow, dorsum of last abdominal 

 segment and tip of proleg light brown. Caudal appendages relatively shorter than 

 in preceding stage, each provided dorsally with a stout but short protuberance on its 

 inner third, which bears a stout bristle. 



Third stage (PL XI, A, B). — More robust than in previous stage. Average length, 

 25.8 mm.; average width, 5.7 mm. Body shining black in color; mandibles, legs, 

 mouthparts, antennae, and lateral and ventral abdominal markings dark brown. 

 Pro thorax much wider than long, wider behind. Dorsum of last abdominal segment 

 and anal proleg chestnut brown. Dorsal abdominal plates nearly truncate behind; 

 lateral margins of each raised and thickened, these margins more prominent on the 

 last three segments. On the penultimate segment each dorso-lateral margin forms 

 a stout, blunt, overhanging fold, while on the last segment each margin is drawn out 

 into a stout tooth., pointing backward. 



Median dorsal line prominent on all segments, except the last. Caudal appendages 

 short, quite erect, with a large, stout, dorsal tooth, and a small lateral tooth, both of 

 which are provided with spines. 



HABITS OF LARVAE. 



The larvae of this species are able to climb trees and are particu- 

 larly successful in doing so on species that are provided with rough 

 bark. All the larval stages of this beetle climb skillfully and feed 

 upon caterpillars or pupae that are resting on the bark (PL XII). 

 Lepidopterous pupae are especially favored as food by these larvae, 

 and as the gipsy moth is in the pupal stage during the time these 

 larvae are abundant in the field, the predacious larvae are particu- 

 larly adapted to destroy them. (PL XIII.) 



DESCRIPTION OF PUPA. 



Length, 25 mm.; width at first abdominal segment, 12 mm. Color pale yellow. 

 Head depressed, only a small portion of the pronotum being visible from above. 

 Dorsal part of thoracic segments smooth, shining. Lateral edges of first abdominal 

 segment rounded behind. -On the second to sixth segments, inclusive, the lateral 

 edges are thickened, dark brown in color, and protrude slightly over the stigmata. 

 The former are slightly hollowed out in front and bluntly toothed behind. The 

 segments following are not thickened laterally. A thick brush of brown hairs is 

 present on the dorsal part of the first five abdominal segments, as also a smaller one 

 on the eighth segment; sometimes less prominent ones occur on the sixth and seventh 

 segments. Spiracles somewhat protected by lateral brushes. Mouthparts, antennae, 

 wings, and legs folded beneath the head. Hind pair of legs extending to the tip of 

 the abdomen. Wings extending beyond the fourth abdominal segment. 



IMPORTATION OF CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA. 



This species has been collected in various European countries and 

 shipped to Massachusetts for liberation in the field. It attacks the 

 gipsy moth and many other lepidopterous larvae and pupae and has 

 now become firmly established over a large part of the area in Massa- 

 chusetts and New Hampshire that is known to be infested by the 

 gipsy moth. The species has become so abundant in some of the 

 infested towns that a large number of specimens have been collected 

 and liberated in infested towns where the beetles were not known 

 to occur. Small colonies of this insect have been shipped to New 

 Mexico, California, and to New Brunswick, Canada, in order to test 

 the ability of the species to become established in widely separated 

 regions where the climate and food supply are dissimilar to those pre- 

 vailing in New England. 



54880°— Bull. 417—17 5 



