188 PHYTOGRAPHIC ARRANGEMENTS AND EXPRESSIONS. 



In the first edition of Lamarck's Flore Franchise (1778, in three 

 "volumes) the dichotomous characteristics for the main-divisions 

 were partly derived from the Jussieuan system, though the latter 

 was in full detail only published eleven years later, and partly from 

 the Liimean system. In this manner the " fleurs uni ou bi- 

 sexuelles," and the " dix etamines ou moins " and " onze etamines 

 ou plus " are notes, obtained from Linne's classification, while the 

 " fleurs petalees ou non-petalees," the " ovaire dans ]a corolle ou 

 sous la corolle," the "fleurs complettes ou incomplettes," the 

 "corolla monopetale ou polypetale," the " corolla reguliere ou 

 irreguliere" indicate already a preponderance of arrangement 

 according to Jussieu's principles ; but these very characteristics, 

 offered by Jussieu, were devised already but less strictly applied 

 by Tournefort, who again relied to some extent on earlier authors. 

 Yet the sequence of the genera in Lamarck's work is often not 

 according to real affinity, inasmuch as for instance Clematis stands 

 far apart from Ranunculus, and (irrespective of others) Potamogeton 

 and Juncus are placed between them. The numbering of the 

 species is kept distinct. 



Blindness having brought Lamarck's labours prematurely to a 

 close, the great De Candolle in the early part of his luminous path 

 issued, 1804, a third edition, in four volumes, the second edition, 

 published in 1793 during a time of the worst political commotions, 

 being probably only a reprint. This time the dichotomous 

 analysis became applied only to the first volume, in which out of 

 piety to his preceptor and friend the artificial arrangement was 

 maintained by De Candolle, but for orders and genera only, so 

 that still Mono- and Di-cotyledonous plants were to some extent 

 mixed ; the II., III. and IY. volumes however are without any 

 dichotomy, and gave the full descriptions of the Flora of France, 

 entirely according to Jussieu's system, which indeed is followed 

 also already for the species in the first volume, thereby necessitating 

 an independent numbering. When in 1815 a reprint of the work 

 appeared, De Candolle furnished a supplemental volume, which 

 embraced the plants discovered during the intervening ten years ; 

 in this additional volume the dichotomy is abandoned also. 

 Lamarck in the original edition followed up each of the dichotomic 

 notes immediately by some descriptive details, precisely as has 

 been deemed proper for the "Key to the system of Yictorian Flora," 

 although his work could not exercise here any timely influence, it 

 being now very rare, and could with De Candolle's later edition 

 only be secured for us here a few months ago, after the printing 

 of the whole dichotomy of the Yictorian orders, genera and many 

 of the species had already been done. It was the Lamarckian 

 analytic method, which became attractive to the logic-minded 

 JBentham during his stay in France ; indeed it drew this 



