194 PHYTOGRAPHIC EXPRESSIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS. 



expression having been substituted half a century ago by Endlicher, 

 Schleiden and followers of theirs for ovulum ; but they thus 

 .assigned to the word gemmula a meaning quite different to that 

 adopted by Richard and BischofF, for what Linnaeus, Gaertner 

 and most authors up to our time comprehended under the name 

 plumula. Much in accordance with my own views at the time, 

 Endlicher used the word germen for ovarium ; but considering the' 

 question in all its aspects, nothing seems to be logically clearer 

 and more briefly expressive than the term ovulary, and this I 

 have ventured now to introduce. An ovum of an insect might 

 indeed become deposited not only in an ovulary but even in an 

 ovule of a plant. 



In entering on a further course of alterations in our botanic 

 "glossaries," I have adopted for uniformity's sake several 

 diminutives, to separate phytographic from zoographic expressions. 

 Such etymology, as we all know, does not necessarily imply, that 

 an organ should be of reduced size ; for in our branch of science 

 diminutive terms often simply indicate distinct portions of a 

 compound organ ; thus the leaflets of the leaf of a horse-chestnut- 

 tree remain as well folioles as the minute leaflets of our Silver- 

 Wattle, though comparatively of an enormous size ; just as 

 botanically speaking the fruitlets of many plants, for instance of 

 the anonaceous order, or also of an Albizzia or even Entada, or 

 (what is nearer home to us) of a Marsdenia may be of very 

 conspicuous or even gigantic measurement, yet they all continue 

 to be fruitlets, in contrast to true integral fruits, not even 

 excluding such of the latter, as may be of almost invisible 

 minuteness; structually no differences can be drawn in these 

 respects, a remark which applies likewise to the other new 

 diminutives, which will be referred to presently. For the 

 introduction of the word fruitlet (as well as that of stalk] et, 

 headlet, hairlet and bristlet) into the phytographic and indeed 

 into the English language the writer of these lines is responsible ; 

 but Asa Gray, whose death we have now so much to deplore, 

 formed already the word "nutlets" in translation of nuculae, 

 (although byno means always of minute size)alinguistic innovation, 

 approved of and practically adopted by Sir Joseph Hooker. In 

 extending the general term fruitlets to all kinds of apocarpic fruits, 

 whether nutlets or carpels (or rather carpids) or follicles or achenes 

 or whatever else they may be called, the purposes of a plain 

 elementary book are fully served ; whereas strictly scientific 

 distinctive appellations of all sorts of fruitlets can be reserved to 

 professional publications according to the various views of authors. 

 Eor the same reason the separate significations of integral fruits, 

 such as capsule, drupe, berry, nut, caryopsis, utricle, pod and again 

 achenes (the two last mentioned terms still frequently applied 



