PHYTOGRAPHIC EXPRESSIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS. 197 



■still, although we should be conservative, so far as compatible with 

 progressive discoveries. 



The term sepals is restricted in the new work to calycine 

 divisions free from beyond the base, so as to correspond thus far 

 to petals ; this necessitates the adoption of calyx-lobes for 

 Orclridese, Amaryllidese and some other plants, to which hitherto 

 sepals (or in other words perianth-segments) have been attributed, 

 but whose calyx except in its ternary lobation quite repeats that 

 of Campanulacese and numerous other plants among the 

 Dicotyledonese with perigynous (or epigynous) insertion of the 

 corolla ; the rationality of these limitations must be clear to every 

 beholder. The designation labellum is reluctantly kept up for 

 the lowest petal of all Orchidese and most Candolleacese, not 

 because it is necessary but because it is so innate in the respective 

 literature, and does not imply anything organographically 

 incorrect, although the changed third petal or the altered fifth 

 corolla-lobe is hardly ever of a truly labial form, but contrarily a 

 disparous organ, any counterpart being wanting. The word scape 

 will always continue vague ; it is not really needed, as it applies 

 either to a stem or a flower-stalk. 



The ambiguity of our organography language in some respects 

 will be further recognized in the employment of the term disk, 

 as well for any internal lining of a calyx as for the aggregation 

 of flowers on the receptacle of Compositse • so also the word 

 columna comprises widely different structures, not only the 

 gynostemium and the sta urinal tube but often also the fruit-axis and 

 the spermatophore ; again indusium applies to two totally different 

 organs, the stigma-cover of Goodeniaceae and the sorus-cover of 

 ferns ; whereas for the inner bracts of Glumacese and any ultimate 

 floral bracts of Compositse alike the term palese is used, though 

 both are not altogether identical ; under achenes are frequently 

 comprised not merely the fruitlets of apocarpic fruits, but 

 likewise the simple fruits of Compositse ; the word ligule served 

 hitherto as well for the terminal membrane of leafstalks of grasses 

 as for the unilateral flat corolla-expansions of Composite and 

 some allied orders; whereas the floral envelope of Monocotyledonese, 

 whether calycine or petaline, passes generally still as perianth or 

 perigone, and so the calyx of apetalous Dicotyledoneae. Some 

 reference to this subject occurs in the eighth volume of the 

 " Fragmenta Phytographise Australia " (1874). 



In the proposed new organography the term floret among 

 diminutives hitherto in use would not really be requisite, not 

 even for the most rudimentary flowers of Glumacese, and the 

 word would, under the altered term now proposed, be particularly 

 inapplicable to the well developed individual flowers of Compositse. 

 Thus another unneccessary word could be abolished, notwithstanding 



