THE LATIN VERB JUBERE. 357 



abai radh, then abradh, bradh, and radh, and the last is the 

 existing form ; although the other forms have disappeared by 

 attrition, yet from bradh comes the Aeolic Greek b r e t o r , an 

 "orator," while radh gives the G. reden "to speak," which in A.-S. 

 retains the initial b, as in ge-bredan, "to charge," up-ge-b redan, 

 " to cry out against," E. upbraid. In the etymology of upbraid, 

 our English dictionaries can trace it no farther than to the Anglo- 

 Saxon. Also to the form radh belongs the Gr. verb phrazo, "I 

 tell, order, counsel," Middle, "I speak with myself, think, suppose," 

 through the K. participial form bh'radh; phraz-o would thus 

 mean "speaking-I," or rather, since the participle is really a sub- 

 stantive, "speech-I." And although in Homer phrazo means to 

 " show or signify," that does not affect the derivation I offer, for 

 Gesenius says that the original meaning of the H. am ar is to 

 "bear forth, to bring to light" ; cf. H. nag ad "to show, tell," 

 which means also to " be manifest, clear." 



From radh come the K. words raidh, raidse, arsa, rud, 

 r a d, and the L. r a t-i o, r e o r, r a t-u s, res, and probably r a d- 

 ius in the sense of " setting in order," (H. da bar). The I.-K. 

 ar-sa, for rad-sa, is used only when the words of the speaker are 

 quoted, like the E. quoth and the L. i n-q u i t. In this respect 

 it is an exact parallel to the Hebrew a m a r. Again, from radh 

 comes the I.-K. noun radh-ainn (u), and, by metathesis, we get 

 the I.-K. ord-uigh, the L. or do, orclin-, and the Fr. ordonner, 

 corresponding with the E. order. Although radhainn means 

 now only "a saying, an expression," yet if we have respect to the 

 primary meaning of dabar, viz., "to set in rows, to arrange in 

 order," in that sense radhainn = radin = ardin = ordin would 

 be exactly the L. or do, or din-; besides that sense, ordonner, 

 and order also retain the meaning of dabar, " to command." 

 If I now revert to the root gab, to speak, I find that in the K. 

 languages f often represents an initial g, as, f e a r, g w r, a man ; 

 so gab gives the L. f a b-u 1 a, and on the strength of the b in 

 f ab-ula I say that the L. for is a contraction of f a-bh-or (m), and 

 fat-us is f a-bh-te, a K. participial form. And (4) if we take 

 dhabh-air and pronounce it with the bh quiescent, we have 

 dha-air, which gives dheir, their and the Gr. eiro (s), a word 

 that has caused etymologists so much perplexity. From their 

 come the K. d e i r e, deire-ann-ach, and the L. do r sum. As 

 cognates to the Gr. eiro, the K. has earr, earradh, oi re- 

 am h-n-uigh,* earr-alaich, comh-air-lich. 



The rest of the words in my list (on pp. 354-5) may be arranged 

 thus : from dabhair, tyb. tabor, defryd, dyfarnu, adhbhar; 



* This is a good example of K. word-building; oire is the root, oire- 

 a m h an adjective, o i r e-a m h-a i n a verb, and o i r e-a m h-a i n-u i d h is 

 a participial noun. 



