360 THE LATIN VERB JUBERE. 



are quoted), and the L. in-quit. The supposed noun gabhadh, 

 from which all these words come, if pronounced as usual with the 

 bh quiescent, would give a form ge-ad, whence the I.-K. cead- 

 ach, "talkative," and cead-al, " a story," but, if it is written in 

 a C. form, g'vadd, it gives C. gwed and the other words quoted. 



(3) Of the words which I tabulated under the meanings of the 

 H. d a b a r, there remain to be considered only the Gr. e i r o, "I 

 fasten," L. sero, series, sermo, I.-K. sread, siarad, C. 

 rhes, rhestr. As to their derivation from our root gab, dab, 

 I cannot give any decided opinion, although two of them in the 

 sense of "discourse," sermo and siarad, point to a connection 

 with the verb "to say." The I.-K. conjugation form their ( = 

 seir) would easily give the Gr. eiro and the L. sero, as well as 

 the I.-K. sread, and siarad, while the C. rhes may be for 

 s-res from the same root ; yet there is in H. another verb, quite 

 different from dabar, viz., s h 6 r (for sharar) "to arrange, put 

 in order, and as sharar may have an equivalent in Aryan 

 somewhere, it is probable that the Gr. eiro, "I fasten " and the 

 L. sero, "I knit," are not from the same root as eiro, "1 say," 

 and sermo, "speech." Indeed as the H. sharar or zarar 

 has the other meanings of "to twist, twine, press, oppress, bind 

 together, shut up, distress," we should rather say that, through 

 some Aryan corresponding root, it connects itself with the Gr. 

 seir a, " a rope," eiro, " I fasten, I bind," heirgo, eirgo "I 

 shut in, confine," and the L. sero "I knit," with all their cognates. 

 But the L. sero, "I sow, I plant," must be connected with dabar, 

 for serere arbores means to set or plant trees " in rows." 



XI. I now conclude with one final proof that my view of the 

 etymology of the Latin verb jubere is correct, and I find that 

 proof in the Latin noun Imperator. It is obvious from the 

 meaning and use of the Latin official term dictator, which 

 is taken from dicere, "to say," that one invested with the very 

 highest power in the State may have a title drawn from the fact 

 that he can " say " with force that a thing shall be done. Now 

 Imperator is known to be a corruption of an older word 

 induperator and, if we strike off from this the persona] suffix 

 a t o r, we have induper as the stem, and this to my eye is no 

 more than the I.-K. intensive particle a i n and the verb d u b a i r, 

 dhubair, dabar, which we have been considering. 



XL A few reflections may be drawn from this discussion. 



^1) If the analogies which I have traced and the arguments 

 which I have advanced be, on the whole, correct, then the Hebrew 

 as a Shemitic tongue has a much more intimate connection with 

 the Aryan family than many philologists are disposed to acknow- 



