THE BURBUNG OR INITIATION CEREMONY. 113 
Darkinung tribe’ occupied the country from the Hunter River 
southerly to about Sydney or Botany Bay, and reaching westerly 
to the Wiradthuri boundary. 
Adjoining the Wiradthuri on the north are the numerous tribes 
of the great Kamilaroi community, who occupy a wide tract of 
fertile country reaching from the Upper Hunter River in New 
South Wales to somewhere beyond the Queensland boundary, 
embracing the region watered by the Namoi, Gwydir, Macintyre, 
Barwon, and subordinate rivers. Comprehensive descriptions of 
the Bora, or initiation ceremonies of these tribes are contained in 
papers communicated by me to the Anthropological Institute of 
Great Britain,? and the Royal Society of Victoria.* 
To the east of the Kamilaroi are various tribes spread over the 
table-land of New England and the country situated between 
there and the Pacific Ocean, comprising the districts watered by 
the following large rivers and their numerous affluents :—the 
Hunter, Manning, Macleay and Clarence. In these tribes the 
initiation ceremonies are of the Keeparra type, of a highly inter- 
esting character, and are described with some fulness of detail in 
my papers published by the Anthropological Institute of Great 
Britain,‘ and by the Royal Society of Victoria.° The Keeparra 
type contains some abnormal or modified forms, which in some 
cases so much alter the character of the ceremony that they are 
called by a different name.’ These are only a probationary form 
of initiation, and the youths who enter the ranks in this manner 
Ls The ae of the Darkinung Tribe.’”’—Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 
x., N.S., 1- 
2«The ex or Initiation Ceremonies of the agra Tribe. ”— Journ. 
Anthrop. Inst., XXIV., 411-427. Ibid., xxv., 318 - 
° “The Bora of the Kamilaroi Tribes,”—Proc. ee Bos Victorin. IX., 
N.S., 137~173 
7 The iKedtiainck Ceremony of Initiation.’’—Journ. Anthrop. i, 
XXVI., 320 - 338 
§ “The Burbung of the New England Tribes.” —Proc. Roy. Soc. Vie~ 
pie Ix., N.S., 120-136. 
“The Dbalgai Ceremony.”—Journ. Anthrop. Inst., XXVL., sates 340. 
H—Aug. 4, 1897, 
