158 R. H. MATHEWS. 
bird, jack-ass, moon, sun, sandal-wood, bandicoot, locust, crow, 
porcupine, opossum, salt-bush, white cockatoo, pleiades, fish-hawk, 
wood-duck, ants, jew-fish, brown kangaroo, scrub-turkey, water, 
sparrow-hawk, bony fish, white butterfly, peewee, yellow-bellied 
fish, tibi-bird. The totems belonging to the Kupathin group 
include the following :—emu, native-bee, carpet-snake, red kangaroo, 
codfish, kurria, wallaroo, plain-turkey, bream, common fly, wattle- 
tree, native-companion, gum-tree, box-tree, centipede, brigalow, 
belar, goonhur, death-adder, native-cat, galah-parrot, rainbow, 
swan, jew-lizard, quail, coolaba, reddish butterfly, night owl, 
curlew, black snake, ring-tail opossum, bubbar snake, water mole, 
magpie. 
Each group would provide the other with wives, and would 
theoretically stand in the mutual relationship to each other of 
“ brothers-inlaw.” For example, a Dilbi man who married the 
sister of a Kupathin, would be related to the latter as his ‘“sister’s 
husband,” and the Kupathin man would be related to the Dilbi 
bridegroom as his “ wife’s brother.” Therefore it is evident that 
the Dilbi’s are the brothers-in-law of the Kupathins, and the 
Kupathins of the Dilbi group. 
With this filial relationship among a primitive people, there 
might also be some form of regulated sexual promiscuity between 
the members of certain totems in one group with a number of 
totems in another, which would have the effect of rendering the 
paternity of the individuals born in these families more or less 
uncertain.! There would, however, be no uncertainty respecting 
a child’s maternity, and therefore it would be safe to give it the 
group and totem name of the mother. On the other hand, it is 
1 During the Bora ceremonies of thesé tribes at the present day, con- 
siderable sexual license is allowed between the men and women, whether 
married or single, with the condition that this privilege can only be par- 
ticipated in by those persons who would be entitled to marry each other 
in accordance with the tribal laws. It is reasonable to expect that 
children would occasionally be born as the Bact of this intercourse, the 
paternity of whom would be uncertain o unknown.—Proe. . Soe. 
Victoria, rx., N.S., 153; Journ. Anthrop. on XXV., 328; Ibid., xxvt., 272. 
