THE TOTEMIC DIVISIONS OF AUSTRALIAN TRIBES. 167 
A few examples will serve to illustrate more clearly the relation- 
ship I have been endeavouring to explain. Let us take a ’man of 
the section Ippai and totem emu. All the young men of his 
generation who belong to the ‘section Ippai and totem emu are 
reckoned his brothers. All the brothers of Ippai emu’s mother 
-will be Kumbo emus, and will stand in the relationship to him of 
what we call uncle, but which is expressed in the blackfellows’ 
genealogy as “mother’s brother.” Moreover, these ‘“ mother’s 
brothers ” will look upon Ippai emu as their “ sister’s son,” which 
is known among us as nephew. And when his sister Ippatha 
gets married, he will in turn become the “mother’s brother” of 
- the Kumbo boys which may be the issue of the marriage, and 
they will be his “sister’s sons.” All the emus in that locality 
will be Ippais and Kumbos, and will be related to each other 
either as uncles, brothers, or nephews, always remembering to 
attach to these terms the meanings above explained. This may 
be called the totemic or blood relationship, all the members of 
which are considered of the same blood and descent. 
Again, all the Ippais and Kumbos scattered throughout the 
entire community, although of many different totems, consider 
themselves bound together by the broader ties of group brother- 
Ippai emu, for example, would take a wider view, and look 
upon all Ippais, regardless of their totems, who belong to his own 
generation, as his tribal brothers, and all the elder Kumbos as his 
uncles, whilst he would regard the younger Kumbos as his nephews- 
This may be called the group or tribal relationship. 
In the following examples the totems are omitted in order that 
these remarks may be applicable to any Ippai, and so make the 
_ Yelationship tribal instead of the full blood. Ippai’s mother’s 
tribal brother is a Kumbo, and will marry one of these Kubbithas, 
who would be the daughter of his “ mother’s brother,” or uncle. 
But if Kumbo, instead of marrying a Matha, had married @ 
Butha, which he was entitled to do, by the family regulations 
already described, the children would have been Ippai and Ippatha. 
