EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON COPPER. 281 
Tue EFFECT or TEMPERATURE on toe TENSILE anp 
COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES or COPPER. 
By Professor WARREN, M. Inst.C.E., M. Am. Soc. C.E., Wh. Se., and 8, H. 
BARRACLOUGH, M.M.E. 
{Read before the Royal Society of N. S. Wales, November 3, 1897.] 
1. Object of the present tests.—The series of tests described in 
the following paper were undertaken with the view of determin- 
ing the effect which temperature has on the tensile and compres- 
sive properties of copper. The tests were made on specimens of 
hot-rolled copper! kindly supplied by Mr. W. Thow, M. Inst. C.E., 
Chief Locomotive Engineer to the N.S. Wales Government Rail- 
ways, under whose directions the test pieces were prepared in the 
Eveleigh Workshops. The dimensions and relative proportions 
of the test pieces are shown in Fig. 1. 
2. Apparatus and methods adopted.—In arranging for the tests 
the two conditions to be complied with were—(a) It should be 
possible to conveniently vary the temperature over a large range, 
and to keep it constant at any part of the range for a considerable 
time. (5) The apparatus used should not interfere with the truly 
axial application of the stress, especially in the compressive tests. 
These conditions seemed to be best met by the adoption of a cast 
iron bath of considerable capacity, having at each end a loosely 
fitting stuffing-box, through which the necessary connection could 
be made with the test piecein the bath. The general appearance 
of the bath for the tensile and compressive tests is shown in Fig. 
1 and Fig, 2 respectively. The tests were made on one of 
Greenwood and Batley’s machines of 100,000 tbs. capacity. To 
Secure the axial application of the stress in the tensile tests special © 
spherical bearings, as illustrated in fig. 3 were designed for this 
machine by Prof. Warren, for the purposes of these tests, and the 
BEES a re 
1 See Appendix. 
