c 
XCIv. HERBERT E. ROSS. 
use, be treated with oil as above stated, and be driven at its lowest 
tension. The journals and bearings of new machines are too often 
damaged at a time when they require the most kindly treatment, 
through using dry belts under great tension. 
In conclusion, the author has found that some very peculiar 
ideas are prevalent among mechanics and millwrights in connec- 
tion with this subject. A very general rule of thumb referring 
to the alignment of shafts, is that “ the belt always moves to the 
high side,” the fact, of course, that the opposite, is the effect makes 
the rule unconvincing, The origin of the fallacy may be traced 
to the known effect of crowning a pulley. 
Again the general impression among mechanics that with any 
given belt-speed, and tension, there is greater grip on a wide 
pulley than on a narrow one, and on a greater diameter than a 
less, has resulted often in an unnecessary expenditure on belting 
and pulleys. 
The dynamometer above described was built to the order and 
at the cost of Messrs. J. C. Ludowici & Son, Ltd., who, it will be 
seen, have been to some considerable expense in an endeavour to 
throw a little additional light on the subject of belt transmission. 
The author is indebted to them also for the samples of the various 
classes of belts dealt with in this paper. 
Discussion. 
Mr. Lupowicr said that they found the dynamometer of very 
great use in their business as manufacturers. It enabled them to 
test belting before it left the factory, they can run the belting on 
that machine and satisfy themselves that it was perfect in every 
way before sending it out. Hitherto there had been no means of 
getting that information, and at times they were put to a good 
deal of trouble on account of complaints, as they had no means of 
proving whether the belts were perfect; but now they can give 4 
guarantee with a belt, because if it runs right on that machine it 
will run straight in actual work. With regard to the question as 
to the sides for running belts on, it is a very open matter. The 
