KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 14. N:o 6. (( 
gated, a few spindleshaped. They share the characteristics common to the scales of 
the polyps as well in this genus as in the genus Primnoa, viz. in the centre a white 
opaque nucleus, which is an accumulation of small, calcareous grains. From this nu- 
cleus rows of granules radiate towards all sides of the scale. These granules form 
interrupted lines or they are united into continuous ridges. The outside of the scale 
is ornamented by such rows of blunt nodules or spines and the inner surface is co- 
vered by irregular knobs or warts somewhat starshaped or scrobiculate. The margin 
is often notched or serrated in the direction of the radii of the superficial spines. 
The average size of these scales is 0,4 millim. The polyps are clustered in whorls, 
each containing five or sometimes more polyps. They:-are bent downwards with their 
apices and curved close inwards against the common stem. Their length is 1,6 millim. 
They are covered by three pair of scales. Close to the common axis there are two 
narrow, crescentshaped scales. Then there are two triangular scales one at each side 
of the body with their exterior edges projecting. Last there follow the largest scales, 
which cover the chief part of the polyp. They are also triangular and sometimes 
bifid. The margins of all these scales are undulating and crenulated. The inferior 
margins are irregularly notched by projecting teeth. The scales of the second ånd 
third pair are bent in a semicircle around the polyp. On the interior surface of the 
third pair in the vicinity of the axis there is a longitudinal septum, which projects 
some way inward. Seen from the side the large scales are cupshaped, narrow below 
and widening upward. The top of the polyp is closed by an operculum, consisting 
of eight valves, which are arranged somewhat in a whorl and overlap each other. 
They are almost all of the same shape, triangular, 1soscelous, deeply sunk towards the 
median axis of the exterior surface. A large, prominent, very thin ridge, rounded at 
its apex corresponds on the interior surface to this depression. This interior sep- 
tum is the point of attachment of strong muscles, which continue downwards, and no 
doubt are of importance for the movements of the opercular valves. When closed the 
opercula form a pointed apex. 
This species differs from the closely allied OC. trilepis POoURTALES”) in having the 
whorls of the polyps more closely approached and in the large scales of the third pair 
being two, quite separated by a distinct partition line on their exterior side. In OC. 
trilepis again these scales have coalesced into a tube and there is only left a narrow 
longitudinal line, indicating where the two, now united scales once were separated. 
In C. Josephine the covering of the axis consists of a multitude of small scales, 
whereas in C. trilepis there are only a few large ones. In the former species the 
basal scales project in a point on their exterior- side, in OC. trilepis there is only one 
rounded scale, without projecting edges. 
The genus Calyptrophora is very nearly related to Primnoa in the peculiar shape 
of the coenenchymatous spicula, and of the scales covering the polyp, and in their mode 
of growth as well as in the general arrangement of the scales and the opercular val- 
ves. They may indeed form a family of their own, in which perhaps also are to be 
1) Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambr. 1868 p. 130. 
