1.  Calyptrophora Josephine n. 
PlATefys VE-3t 
A splendid specimen of this new species was dredged up by Messrs. Smitt and 
LJUNGMAN in the Atlantic Ocean at 36” 46' Lat. N., 14” 7' Long. W. from a depth of 
110—117 fathoms. Its total length is 5,5 decimeters and the greatest diameter at the 
basis 4 millim. The small twigs at their end only attain 0,5 mill. in diameter. It 
grows in erect and regularly dichotomizing branches. "The innermost axis is elastic, 
somewhat brittle, of a brownish bronze colour, glossy or longitudinally furrowed and 
of a remarkable metallic lustre. In its lowest parts it is hard and almost entirely 
soluble in acetic acid leaving only an exterior soft sheath behind. This soluble carbonate 
of lime is cerystallized in a mass which breaks up in irregular prisms. Higher up there 
is less of soluble matter and the axis retaims its shape when subjected to the action 
of acids. It is composed of several concentric strata or thin lamin& which in a trans- 
verse section can be discerned by their different colour, some being of a deeper brow- 
nish hue. These lamin&e consist of very slender, longitudinal fibres. When they are 
spread out, they are seen to be perforated by some large circular holes. On their 
surface there are often concretions or singularly convoluted ridges and elevated no- 
dules in regular rows, more intensely coloured than the others. Between the axis 
and the exterior coenenchymatous covering of scales there is interposed a soft 
tissue, in which narrow, longitudinal rods, as it were, of a clear cartilaginous con- 
sistence, lie imbedded. Above them there are impressions of the covering, calcareous 
scales, surrounded by a frame of darker, granular matter. It is from this granular 
stratum that the polyps are budding forth. 
In a certain way the scaly covering is a sort of coenenchyma, although formed of 
an element quite different from that which forms the coenenchyma in other corals”). 
The scales which compose this covering are imbricated, partially overlapping each other. 
After having been subjected to the agency of a solution of hydrate of potash, they may be 
spread out as to show their highly variable shape. They are square, cruciform, elon- 
1) Various observations, which I hope to be able to publish at another occasion, have led me to the con- 
clusion, that the coenenchyma as well in the Heliolithidee, as in the Poritinzee, Strombodes, Smithia etc. is 
formed by the excessive growth of the borders of the calicle and that the part, generally called the wall, 
in such compound genera is nothing else but an interior ring of intraseptal secretion, homologous to the 
interior wall of the Acervularidie. The true or exterior wall is obliterated in these genera and conse- 
quently the outlines of the caliecles are confluent. 
