50 AUGUSTA ÄRNBÄCK-CHBISTIE-LINDE, NORTHERN AND ARCTIC INVERTEBRATES. 



the Arctic and Boreoarctic zones of the Old and New worlds, only on the American 

 east coast its range of distribution exceeds the southern boundary of the latter zone, 

 specimens having been found as far southward as 41° N. lat. Eastward it has been 

 'collected as far as the Faroe Islands on the south, on the Norwegian coast not 

 south of Lofoten. In the Arctic region this species is circumpolar being represented 

 even in Bering Sea, and the American Archipelago; it is also represented on both 

 the eastern and north-western coasts of N. America. 



Fam. Polyzoidae. 



Branchial sac with folds more or less developed, ne ver more than 4, or with- 

 out folds. Stigmata straight. Internal longitudinal vessels numerous or few. Ten- 

 tacles simple. Alimentary canal placed alongside the branchial sac. Stomach 

 distinctly marked off from the intestine, with longitudinal folds. A pyloric coecum 

 usually present, well-developed. Reproduction by generative organs as well as by 

 palleal budding. Reproductive organs of the most varying structure and shape, 

 placed on one side or on both sides, within the body or on the external side of the 

 body enclosed in a genital pouch projecting from the body-wall. A brood-pouch is 

 sometimes present (known hitherto in one genus only). Apertures four-lobed, or 

 without lobes, slit-like. Both apertures opening independently on the surface. Test 

 cartilaginous or internally gelatinous with a cartilaginous or leathery external layer. 

 Individuals forming colonies without systems and without common cloacal apertures. 



Synopsis of genera and species. 



Branchial sac without folds, with 4 internal longitudinal vessels on each 

 side. Reproductive organs on one side, the left one, forming a hermaphro- 

 ditic structure enclosed in an outgrowth of the body-wall and situated on 

 the external side of the body. A brood-pouch develops to receive the 

 embryos: 



Kiikenthalia Hartmeyer 1903. 



Dorsal tubercle cup-chaped. Stomach short, rounded, with 

 11 longitudinal folds. Pyloric coecum elongated, curved. Margin 

 of anus plain. Apertures four-lobed. The zooids form one layer. 

 Test internally gelatinous, externally leathery. Colonies small, 

 rounded and massive, attached by a narrow base. 



K. borealis Gottschaldt 1894. 



Pl. 3, figs. 47—56. 



