KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 63- N:0 2. 51 



Geographical and bathynietrical distribution and general observations. 

 Kukenthalia borealis Gottschaldt 1894. 



Pl. 3, figs. 47—56. Text-figs. 5-6. 



Syn. Goodsiria borealis, Gottschaldt 1894. 

 » coccinia, Bonnevie 1896. 



Habitat: 



West Greenland: Davis Strait, 65° 11' N-53° 33' W, 48 fms, green clay, 4 colonies 

 (June 13, 1871); Baffins Bay, 68° 14' N— 54° 7' W, 131 fms, clay with sand and 

 stones, 1 colony (July 27, 1871, Ingegerd & Gladan Exp., J. Lindahl). — D:o 65° 

 15' N— 53° 30' W, 75 fms, stones, 1 colony (June 25, 1883, Sofia Exp.). 



Spitzbergen: Without definite locality, many colonies (Loven 1837; Spb. 

 Exp. 1872-1873). — Spb. Exp. 1861 (I. A. Malmgren): Amsterdam Island, 12 fms, 

 stones, 1 colony (May 23, 1861); Bel Sound, 30 — 40 fms, stones, zoophytes, many 

 colonies; Fosters Islands, 40 fms, sand, many colonies (August 7, 1861); Waigat 

 Islands, 60—80 fms, clay, a great number of colonies (August, 1861). — Spb. Exp. 

 1864 (I. A. Malmgren): Ice Fjord, Safe Harbour, 30 — 50 fms, stones and clay, many 

 colonies (June 28, 30, 1864); D:o many colonies (July 16, 1864). -Spb. Exp. 1868 

 (A. I. Malmgren): Off Spitzbergen, 76° 40' N— 18° E, 100—120 fms, stones and clay, 



1 colony (July 29, 1868); Lovén's Mount, 36 fms, clay with stones, 1 colony (Sep- 

 tember 11, 1868). — Spb. Exp. 1872 — 1873: Wijde Bay, 105 fms, many colonies 

 (1873); D:o 100 fms, stones and clay, 6 colonies (July 1, 1873); Off Spitzbergen 79° 

 56' N— 15° E, 60 fms, sand and stones, 5 colonies (July 3. 1873); D:o 79° 55' N— 14° 

 13' E, 80 fms, gravel and stones, 3 colonies (July 10, 1873); D:o 79° 34' N— 10° 25' 

 E, 35 fms, shells, 1 colony (July 11, 1873); D:o 78° 37' N— 10° 12' E, 94 fms, stones, 



2 colonies (July 13, 1873). - Spb. Exp. 1898: White Island, 80° 15' N— 33° 10' E, 

 40—50 m, rocks, 1 colony (August 18, 1898); Beeren Island— Norway, 73° 3' N— 

 18° 30' E, 410 m, gray clay, many colonies (September 4, 1898); King Charles Land, 

 78° 50' N-27° 39' E, 60-70 fms, clay, 1 colony (August 17, 1898). 



General Distribution. 



Kukenthalia borealis is widely distributed in the Arctic Ocean, though not 

 circumpolar, not having been found, as far as is known, in the Arctic Sea of Siberia, 

 nor off the north coasts of N. America. It has been reported from West Greenland, 

 Spitzbergen, Beeren Island, Barents Sea, the Murman coast, Iceland and the Faroe 

 Islands (ef. Hartmeyer 1903, 1919, Redikorzew 1906). It even occurs in northern 

 Norway and has been collected in Kongsfjord, where masses of this species have 

 been dredged, depth 80 — 90 m, Sydvaranger, 80 m. Probably this species has been 

 dredged also north of Nordkap by Herdman, depth 150 fms (Bjerkan 1905, 1908). 



