8 ARVID R. MOLANDER, ALCYONACEA. 
steadily increases, the formation of new polyps, too, through budding, which occurs partly 
from the basal, horizontal canals — we call it horizontal budding! (Fig. 3) — partly near 
the sides of the coelenterons, i. e. from the canal or strings which run along the sides 
Fig. 4. Schemgtic figure of the canals within the stolons by Clavularia, section through the base of the polyps. 
a) the polyps placed close together b) the polyps scattered. C = great canals, c = lateral strings (cell Stridee). 
The broken lines show the places where the direct canals originate. 
of polyps, which latter I call vertical budding. The vertical budding occurs at different 
heights (Fig. 6). 
In numerous cases it is difficult to distinguish between the canals and the cell- 
strings. Transitions between them are numerous. The cell-strings mostly connect 
Fig. 5. Schematic figure of the canal system. a) within the Cornularia. b) within 
the Clavularia (vertical section). s = stolon, c = canals, p = polyp:. 
the canals with each other. They also connect the canals with the coelenterons of the 
polyps. Sometimes the solenia only consists of cell-strings. These are produced either 
by only one row of cells or by double rows of cells. The cell-strings also may occur as 
entirely connected plates, without any lumen (Xenia wandeli). When the mesogloea 
between the coelenterons is inconsiderably developed or the coenenchym between these is 
! Budding in the case of Cornulariidae is exclusively horizontal. 
