KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 51. N:o ll. 49 
B. Basal spicules are large spindles, rods and clubs amongst the rollers. The latter with girdles (the type 
of dumb-bells not so conspicuous), 0.1—0.3 mm. Fig. 12 b. Gersemia uvaeformis (MAY). 
C. Basal spicules only rods and spindles, with uniform distribution of thorns. 
Gersemia clavata (DAN) var. pellucida (KÖKENTHAL). 
II. Lower part of the anthocodia with spicules. 
A. The spicules in anthocodia and basal spicules numerous. Basal spicules spindles, rods, rollers or ir- 
regular rollers with girdles. 
1. The basal spicules spindles, rods and rollers with uniformly distributed thorns, no dumb-bells, 
07-—0:3 mm; Fig. 12C. Gersemia clavata (DaAN.). 
2. The basal spicules irregular rollers with girdles. The dumb-bells are very rare, 0.1—0.25 mm. 
Eigiel2f Gersemia fruticosa (SARS). 
B. An insignificant armature in anthocodia and basal spicules few in number. The basal spicules chiefly 
irregular rollers with no distinct girdles. Fig. 12 i. Gersemia mirabilis (DAN.). 
Basal spicules i. e. those in the bark of coenenchym (in bark of branches on well developed colonies) which 
surround the anthocodiae. 
Shema II. 
I. The anthocodiae are numerous on each branch. The spicules in the anthocodia and branch bark are numerous 
and strongly thorned. 
A. Thorns uniformly distributed above the bark spicules, which are 0.1—0.3 mm. in length. 
Gersemia clavata (DAN.). 
B. ”Thorns of the bark spicules in girdles, the length of bark spicules 0.1—0.3 mm. 
1. Dumb-bells numerous in branch bark. 
a. Generably dumb-bells, 0.1—0.2 mm., in the branch bark. 
Gersemia rubiformis (EHRENBERG). 
b. Besides dumb-bells long spindles and rollers without regular girdles, 0.1—0.3 mm. 
Gersemia uvaeformis (Ma). 
2. In branch bark dumb-bells scarce; numerous irregular rollers with girdles, 0.1—0.25 mm. 
Gersenvia fruticosa (SARS). 
IH. A few anthocodiae lie on each branch. The spicules in the anthocodiae and branch bark are few in 
number and weakly thorned. Gersemia mirabilis (DAN.). 
The characteristics for the determination of species within this genus are prefer- 
ably associated with the armature. 
The spicules in the anthocodia are, first and foremost, spindles and rods, of 
which the former are most frequent. In different varieties these types are found in the 
upper and lower parts of the anthocodia, in the tentacles, and, in some of the species, 
in the bark of the branches. 
In the upper part of the anthocodia, where in general they are more scattered, 
they are long and provided with short thorns, but in the shaft of the anthocodia and in the 
tentacles and branch bark, they are shorter and provided with larger and more powerful 
processes, which are not so uniformly distributed. In the lower part of the anthocodia, 
the spicules are generally rods and rollers, often with two or more, generally irregular, 
girdles of thorns. In the bark of branches, and also in the bark of the trunk, the spi- 
cules generally take the shape of rollers with clear girdles. Among those spicules, we find 
the simple and double stars (dumb-bells), i. e. spicules with two girdles, which are placed 
K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 351. N:o 11. 7 
