58 ARVID R. MOLANDER, ALCYONACEA. 
Kara Sea, Lat. 70 45' N., Long. 61” E., 162 met. brown clay (Nordenskiöld exp., 
1876 :—7/,), 1 sp.; Lat. 74? 12' N., Long. 75” 48 E., 32 met., sand mixed with clay (Nor: 
denskiöld exp., ?/, 1876), I sp.; Matoschkin Scharr, Gubin Bay, 9—27 met. (Norden- 
skiöld exp., '/, 1876), 2 sps.; without definite locality, 40 met., clay, sand (N. Semlja 
exp., ”/, 1875), many sps.; do. 64 met., clay, sand (N. Semlja exp., ”/, 1875), 3 sps. 
The Siberian, Sea Lat. 76” 32 N., Long. 116” E., 64 met., gray clay (Vega exp., 
2/, 1878), many sps.; Cape Schelagskoj, 21 met., clay (Vega exp., "—2/, 1878:), 3 sps. 
Further Distribution: 
Azorerna, 927 met.; Newfoundland, 155 met. (STUDER, 1901), Jan Mayen, 174 met. 
(DANIELSEN, 1887), Norwegian Sea, 1187 met. (DAN., 1887), Spitzbergen, 20—240 met. 
(MaY, 1900), Spitzbergen, 40—140 met. (KUKENTHAL, 1908), Barents Sea, 269—271 met. 
(DANIELSEN, 1887), Kara Sea, 90 met. (BrocH, 1912 c), Kola Fiord, 57—297 (BrRocH, 1912 
d), west coast of Norway, (BRocH, 1912 a). 
Forma ecrassa (DAN.), 1887. 
This form has been classed by KUKENTHAL with Gersemia, on account of its calyx. 
The insignificant size of the colony, the numerous polyps on a poorly developed trunk, 
and the short branches, are sufficient causes for a vigorous formation of a calyx. In 
this case too, however, the anthocodia may be completely retractile, and a true calyx 
does not exist. This specimen differs in no respects from the general character of the 
genus Gersemia, but it is questionable whether it is a separate species. The shape and 
size of the spicules in the anthocodia and colony very much resemble those of the spicules 
in Gersemia clavata. But the shape of the colony is different. 'The shape of the colony 
is not generally a feature to which can be attributed a decisive differentiating character. 
I wish to establish the fact that Gersemia crassa can be considered as a transformed spe- 
cies, like Gersemia fruticosa forma arctica and Gersemia fruticosa forma loricata. Tt appears 
that the former is a very small or young specimen with a few polyps on the slightly de- 
veloped branches. The short, small branches give this species a different shape from 
that of Gersemia clavata. I must point out, however, that this form is in many cases 
distinct from &. clavata, and so TI retain Gersemia crassa as a distinct forma crassa of Ger- 
semia clavata. 
General Distribution: 
West coast of Norway, 763 met. (KÖKENTHAL, 1907). 
Gersemia clavata (DANn.) var. pellucida (KUKENTHAL, 1906). 
Diagnosis: "The lower part of the anthocodia without spicules. MSpicules in branch 
bark 0.25 mm. in length. The branches strongly swelled terminately. 
This variety differs from the principal species in its scarcity of branches and in 
