70 ARVID R. MOLANDER, ALCYONACEA. 
Their length is about 0.17—0.30 mm. In the lower part of the anthocodia we find eight 
rows of irregular rods, at the base partly with transitions to dumb-bells, with a somewhat 
curved middle part, about 0.1 mm. in length. In the branch and the trunk bark lie 
similar, irregular rollers as well as few stars and crosses. In the inner coenenchym there 
are small, irregular crosses and rollers, few in number and with low thorns. KUKENTHAL 
(1907) states that the spicules of lower part of anthocodia are strongly thorned. This 
is possibly right, if one compares these spicules with those from upper part of the antho- 
codia, but they are weakly thorned, in comparison with the spicules of the lower part 
of anthocodia from other species of Gersemia. 
With this species I identify Voeringia arborea, JUNGERSEN, 1887. The spicules of 
the lower part of anthocodia and branch bark are more thorned and the dumb-bells 
are more numerous. 'The differences between Gersemia mirabilis and Voeringia arborea 
are too unimportant for the latter to be retained as a definite species. 
The indirect canal system is generally predominant. Direct connection appears 
too, but not so frequently. 'The indirect canals do not attain any great development 
either, and the canal system shows a relationship with that of the following genus. 
Habitat: 
Newfoundland, Lat. 522 5' N., Long. 52? 19 W., 290 met., clay mixed with sand 
(Ingegärd and Gladan, "/, 1871), 6 sps. 
Further Distribution: 
Spitzbergen, 267 met. (DANIELSEN, 1887), 52 met. (MAY, 1900), Siberean Sea, 18— 
20 met. (KUKENTHAL, 1910), Kara Sea, 165 met. (JUNGERSEN, 1887), Kara Sea, 205 
met. (BRocH, 1912 c). 
Eunephthya, VERRILL, 1869. 
The anthocodiae are not retractile; the points of branches with insignificant coenen- 
chym. The spicules of the anthocodia are mostly clubs, but also spindles and rods. The 
spicules are closely packed on the outside of the anthocodiae. 
1907, Ewnephthya (pars), KÖKeNTHAL (= Eunephthya nephthyiformis). 
Synopsis. 
A) Divaricatae-glomeratae: anthocodiae close together. Spicules in the anthocodiae are generally clubs besides 
spindles. 
a) In the anthocodia mostly clubs, also spindles. Spindles and clubs of about the same size. Length 
0.1—0.38 mm. 
1) Spicules broad, with broad, short thorns. E. glomerata, VErriLuL, (Fig. 13 a). 
2) Spicules narrow with high and slender thorns. E. flavescens (Dan.) (Fig. 13 b). 
b) In the anthocodia numerous long spindles besides the shorter clubs. Spicules with slender and scattered 
thorns. Length 0.15—0.50 mm. E. groenlandica n. sp. (Fig. 13 c). 
