KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 51. N:o ll. 75 
derating; length of spicules 0.10—0.30 mm. The spicules are more slender than with 
preceding species and have high and narrow thorns. (Pl. II, fig. 17.) 
1883, Gersemia candida, Kor. and DAN. 1907, Eunephthya glomerata var. flavescens, E. glo- 
1887, Nephthya flavescens, Gersemiopsis arctica, Neph- merata var. rosea, E. hyalina, E. racemosa, Kö- 
thya rosea, Drifa hyalina, DANIELSEN.  KENTHAL. 
1901, Eunephthya racemosa, STUDER. 1910, Eunephthya glomerata (pars), THOMPSON. 
This species is differentiated from the preceding one by poor ramification, but 
the branches are longer and the trunks low, and the entire colony obtains a very charac- 
teristic, bush-like shape. The trunk is deeply furrowed. The anthocodiae are placed 
sparsely on the smaller branches and are very evidently arranged in groups of three spe- 
cimens each. The anthocodiae attain a length of as much as 4—6 mm., and have a narrow 
shaft and a broad head, with clearly and sharply developed ridges. The armature in the 
anthocodiae consists of clubs and spindles. ”Phe former are most numerous and appear 
mostly on the ridges, whilst the spindles produce a kind of bottom layer of spicules. The 
outer surface of the anthocodia is rough and thorny, as a result of the larger ends of the 
clubs being turned towards the outside of the anthocodiae, apparently as a protection for 
the anthocodiae, which do not possess the power of retraction possessed by the Gersemia- 
species. The spindles, as well as the clubs, are distinguished by their delicate shape; they 
are longer, and their thorns are higher and more sparsely distributed than is the case in 
the preceding species. The head-of the clubs is distinguished by its powerful thorns from 
the other part, which is considerably narrower. These spicules distinguish the Zuneph- 
thya flavescens very clearly from Z. glomerata, and this difference between the spicules is 
constant, so that, in a large number of specimens investigated, I have been unable to find 
any direct transitions to the shape represented by £. glomerata. "The length of the spicules 
varies somewhat, but attains to about 0.1—0.30 mm. In the trunk bark there are placed, 
very close, short dumb-bells and spicules with girdles of varying length, from 0.o06—0. 
mm:., mingled with longer spindles and clubs, 0.10—-0.20 mm. In the inner coenenchym 
there exist small, broad spicules, with girdles. 
On comparison with DANIELSEN'S type-specimen of Nephthya flavescens, which 
is taken by KUKENTHAL to be a variety of Z. glomerata, I have found that many speci- 
mens contained in the collections bear the greatest resemblance to this form. Their 
claims to be considered as a distinct species are beyond all doubt. 
I find no reason, however, to retain the variety rosea under H. flavescens. The 
difference as regards ramification and armature can be ascribed altogether to the usual 
variations. 'The reason why I have selected the name flavescens for the collective 
species is chiefly a practical one, as we already have a species which is known by the 
name of Funephthya rosea. 
With this £. flavescens, I class Z. racemosa, STUDER, and I consider £. hyalina (DAN.) 
as a variety. : 
KUKENTHAL (1907) classes Paraspongodes Sarsir, May with £. glomerata, but this spe- 
cies certainly is a £. flavescens. Talso refer Gersemia candida, KOREN and DANIELSEN 1883 
to this species. The spicules of the anthocodiae provein the case of both these species the 
nature of E. flavescens. Also Gersemiopsis arctica, DANIELSEN, 1887, belongs to E. flavescens. 
