78 ARVID R. MOLANDER, ALCYONACEA. 
It is not possible to retain the distinction of species between them. The spicules in 
the anthocodia and branch bark in the case of KH. hyalina are somewhat more closely packed 
than with the typical £. flavescens, and in addition the thorns are slightly slenderer and 
longer. The sparser branch formation and the few anthocodiae on each branch one finds 
in numerous specimens of EH. tlavescens, too. On account of the different development of 
the shape of spicules I distinguish £. hyalina (sensu KÖKENTHAL) as a variety of H. 
flavescens, for I have not found any direct transitions between the two types. 
General Distribution: 
Barents Sea, 329 met. (DANIELSEN, 1887). 
Eunephthya groenlandica n. sp. 
Glomerate ramification. In the anthocodiae numerous long spindles beside the 
shorter clubs. Clubs and spindles with long and slender thorns; length 0.12—0.50 mm. 
Anthocodiae with strongly evoluted ridges, about 6 mm. in length. (Pl. II, fig. 18.) 
The low colony has a membranous base, from which there generally rise numerous 
trunks, which are deeply furrowed and very little branched, often with traces of dico- 
tomi. The trunks are only 2—4 cm. high and support, either directly or on short bran- 
ches, a few, large, broad anthocodize, of a length of about 6 mm. or more (if we neglect 
the retracted tentacles), and about half as wide, with 8 strongly marked furrows; the 
head is considerably wider than the shaft. The tentacles are eight in number, very broad, 
and are provided with 9—-10 wide, clumsy pinnulae, 1.5—2 mm. in length. 
The anthocodiae are powerfully armed. ”The closely packed spicules are arranged 
in eight double rows converging upwards, forming strongly elevated ridges. In spite 
of the strong armature around the anthocodia, we can, however, discern an increased 
formation of clubs on the outer dorsal side and on the ridges. The inner layer of the 
anthocodia armature consists of numerous spindles, and these also occur numerously 
in the lower part of the anthocodia. Length of spicules in anthocodiae 0.12—0.5 mm., 
clubs 0.12—0.35 mm., spindles 0.3—0.5 mm. In the tentacles there are arranged, in 
almost compact masses, spindles and clubs, 0.17—-0.24 mm. in length. The clubs predo- 
minate and have their wide, strongly thorned parts turned outwards. The pinnulae are 
without spicules. In the trunk and in the bark of the branches there are closely distri- 
buted spindles and clubs of a length of 0.38 mm. As in the case of the preceding species, 
the anthocodiae, as well as the trunk bark, are very rough and thorny, this being caused 
by position of the spicules. In the inner coenenchym there are to be found numerous 
spicules, usually spindles, with scattered thorns, but somewhat weaker than those in 
the anthocodiae. Length 0.22—0.38. 
Concerning the internal construction of the colony, this species is of some interest. 
The walls between the coelenterons in branches and trunk are very thick and strong, 
with numerous spicules. The coelenterons are generally oblong in section. The con- 
nection between the coelenterons is generally direct. 'The indirect canals, which predo- 
minate in all the nearly allied species, seem here to be altogether reduced. Endodermal 
strings of cells occur. The explanation of this phenomenon may possibly be found in 
