KUNGL. SV. VET: AKADEMIENS: HANDLINGAR. BAND 51. N:o ll. 85 
distribution and are to be considered as northern outposts of genera with main distribu- 
tion in exotic zones. "The only representative of Xemidae, Xemia wandeli was found 
in arctic water. Within Nephthyidae the genus Gersemia is more arctic, the Punephthya 
boreo-arctic-boreal. Most species of Gersemia are circumpolar; the species of Hunephthya 
have a more limited arctic distribution, the main distribution is more westerly, between 
Spitzbergen and the American coasts. Within Alcyoniidae Alcyonium, Sympodium, 
and Anthomastus occur, Alcyonium with great boreal distribution. The distribution of 
of Cornulariidae is very limited (west coast of Norway). On the west American coast of the 
Atlantic the arctic species extend further southwards than on the European coasts, in 
consequence of the cold polar currents. The arctic species exist southwards to Cape Cod. 
The bathymetrical distribution varies greatly. The Alcyoniidae and Cornulariidae 
on the European coasts occur in littoral and sub-littoral zones; on the American coasts 
they also are to be fond in abyssal depths (Anthomastus agaricus). Within Nephthyidae 
the distribution extends from littoral to abyssal zones. Most species reach abyssal 
depths. In pure arctic zones the bathymetrical distribution is mostly littoral—sub- 
littoral. In the abyssal depths of the North Atlantic and Norwegian Seas, with their 
arctic water, several Gersemia- and Eunephthya-species occur. In the littoral—sub-littoral 
depths of the boreal zone only Gersemia clavata and G. fruticosa have been found so far, 
but Hunephthya flavescens, E. rosea and E. spitzbergensis have been found. 
For other details I refer to the table on p.p. 86, 87. 
