CODLING MOTH IN COLORADO. 119 



Percentage of transforming larva?, hand material. — In 1915 the 

 percentage of larvse collected in the field in connection with the 

 band studies that transformed to the adult stage was 45.37, and in 

 1916 40.88. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Natural enemies. — The following predators were recorded: A 

 small beetle, Tenebroides corticalis Melsh., and a spider, Cori- 

 arachne versicolor Keys. 



The following parasites were observed: Trichogramma minutum 

 Riley, Dibrachys clisiocampae Fitch, and Arthrolytus apatelae 

 Ashmead. The predacious and parasitic enemies play a very unim- 

 portant role in checking the codling moth in the Grand Valley. 



The emergence of moths from fruit cellars is later than that in 

 the field. The period of emergence in fruit cellars, however, is 

 shorter than that which obtains under field conditions. 



The majority of the moths of the spring and first broods emerge 

 during the latter part of the morning and early part of the after- 

 noon. 



The codling moth is believed to be a nonmigratory species except 

 for short local flights. The moths have, however, strength to fly in 

 a continuous flight, unaided by the wind, for a distance of at least 

 one-half mile. 



The codling moth is most active in depositing her eggs late in the 

 afternoon to early in the evening, the activity being greatest just 

 about dusk. 



The fecundity of the codling moth in the Grand Valley is high. 

 Three female moths of the first brood deposited in confinement over 

 300 eggs each, the highest total deposition by one moth being 316 eggs, 

 115 being the largest number deposited in one day by a single female. 



The codling moth larva normally cuts its way through the eggshell 

 and emerges head first. Occasionally it will protrude the anal end 

 first, but in this case it is sometimes unable to extricate itself. 



An examination of a pear orchard devoid of fruit revealed the 

 fact that codling moth larvae will sometimes burrow into the new 

 growth, resulting in the browning of the foliage. 



The codling moth larva prefers to spin up under dark-colored 

 bands. 



The buff-colored variety of the codling moth known as Laspeyresia 

 pomonella (L.) var. simpsonii (Busck) was reared in the Grand 

 Valley. 



