18 BULLETIN 1104, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
titrable acid than normal fruit from the same trees, while fruit 
from the defoliated branches was lower in both sugar and acid. 
The very marked differences in size and appearance of the fruit 
from girdled and from defoliated branches, as well as the distine- 
tive variation in sugar and acid in fruit following these two methods 
of treatment, together with the records on internal browning of 
the fruit, make this experiment of considerable interest. The data 
are given in Table 6. 
TABLE 6.—EH/fect of girdling and of defoliating branches upon the development of 
internal browning and upon the acid and sugar content of fruit during the 
growing season of 1919. 
Comparison of results (per cent). 
: , : Titratibleacid 
Treeandtreatment of | ber of Tissue browning. Core browning. ? 
branches. apples| . (as malic). | Total 
Cit. Sound) ee ee ee SUR ae 
Medi Medi Oct., | June, | 1990, 
s ; E 
Trace. and. Bad. | Trace. : Bad. 1919. | 1920, 
Tree 3 (sprayed): 
(Cubs Were hl, A eee eae 1250) (22100), MOS 24110 0 16.8 | 12.0 | 16.8 ; 0.526 | 0.340; 10.60 
Normale asset). 9250p W117 0 0 0 10.9] 7.6] 9.8 AQ6'1|\ ). SUE i 33 
Wefoliated. 2.25... <.2-. 172 | 96.0 0 0 0 23.0 Gali qe 2 447 | .300 9. 50 
Tree 44: 
GirdleGsc. ns ccsistccts- 268 | 31.3 | 17.9 | .2.2'| 0 21.3 | 16.1 | 26.9 562 | .376| 10.76 
OTM A occw teins oe 180 | 77.8 4.4] 0 0 7 Ae Oa 488 | . 358 9. 66 
Defoliated=...5..22.22. 298) 94.4 so) © 0 S500) leo |) alo 469 | .321 9.67 
Tree 134 
Girdledtiecm seer ess. 201,| 1959) |) 2988"), 650°). 2.5 |) 13.9.) 15.4 | 4158.) 9.597 |. 403) | rie 3s 
Normal cotii tasers ot 266 | 67.0 0 0 0 12.4 | 7.9|12.8] .592]| .401/ 10.62 
Deloliated esses ccen ce 253 | 74.8 2.4/1 0 4 6.72156.3 W119 + 2551) 3704 10532 
Tree 135: 
Girdled 2:2 ../sscc-----ce 130 | (29.2) | 46.9 | 10°93) (3.8-) 19.2 ).07. 7 14.6) .596)|\— 356 | elOs76 
INormals eo: here 306) | P7as2| Glbe 7 ear? aa 4.2 | 12.3 | .474°|. £337 9. 83 
Weloligted-~ ccc asece ec 164 | 97.6 2.4] 0 0 1, 2/|-0 0 445 | .248 9. 59 
Tree 136: 
Girdled 232% i lccetinces 337 | 31.2 |, 425-9) T3199) 254s) = 2052 10h 7) 2002710 o8op | olOe ona 
Normal eon ies. sss 22 293 | 68.6 19.1 La ALE O 8.9] 4.1) 3.8] .586|] .315 9. 04 
Mefoligted<.%.-2,..ccn,- 350 | 90.9 4.3 Omi erly laa 29n| cond 298 9.18 
Tree 151: 
Girdledo cos c... oss. es- 192 | 584] 26.0] 6.8 son skosOhl, "O.20|0 “begel) ps o4Gu eons 9. 95 
Nomads fs oeo0. fb 225 191 | 91.7 0 0 0 40a). 2.164) PLIOC) C2.5880 |) 7295 9, 28 
Sutnma 
Girdleaeee occ ssse oo 2c. 1,253 | 35.4] 30.7] 80) 1.5] 17.9] 12.8 | 21.9] .569| .356] 10.58 
Wormal eye. ease oS 1,328 | 74.5 8.4] 1.4 4 8.4] 4.1 Oat} Gas ool . 336 9. 69 
Detoliatedts-. 2. 2k 52. 1,247 | 89.3 201 ail ail 3.8 |, 220 | 3.0 | .493 | .307 9.65 
The data presented in Table 6 reveal at once that there was a very 
wide variation in the extent of browning occurring in fruit from 
branches receiving the various treatments. Invariably the fruit 
from girdled branches showed the highest percentage of apples 
affected with internal browning and the lowest percentage of sound 
fruit. Not only is this the average condition, but it also holds for 
the fruit from each tree taken individually. The normal fruit, from 
untreated branches, was much better in keeping quality than that 
from the girdled limbs, while fruit from branches having about 
half the leaves removed was markedly better than the normal fruit. 
Thus, in fruit from: the same tree the apples supplied with the 
