INTERNAL BROWNING OF YELLOW NEWTOWN APPLE. 15 
Plat 3, the phosphorus plat, received 20 pounds of superphosphate 
per tree on April 3, 1918. In 1919 10 pounds of superphosphate 
and 10 pounds of steamed bone meal were added. In 1920 6 pounds 
of steamed bone meal were added for each tree. 
All fertilizers were applied in the spring before cultivation was 
completed, and were thoroughly worked into the soil. 
GROSS EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS. 
During the first two seasons little influence of the fertilizer could 
be detected in any of the plats. During 1919, however, it was 
evident that the foliage of the trees of the nitrogen plat was better 
than that of the surrounding trees, the leaves being larger and 
greener in appearance. In 1920, a year of very short crops for the 
orchard as a whole, trees in this plat produced more nearly a full 
crop. 
It has been impossible to determine any influence of the phos- 
phorus fertilizer in plat 3. Folage, crop, and fruit were about as 
in the untreated trees in the orchard. . 
Trees in the manure plat were no better in appearance than 
surrounding untreated trees. The foliage was very poor, and the 
set of fruit on the trees in the years when the orchard as a whole 
bore a light crop was even below that of the surrounding trees. 
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS ON THE INTERNAL BROWNING OF THE FRUIT. 
Table 5 gives the average percentages of browning in fruit from 
each fertilizer plat during the seasons of 1918-19 and 1920-21, during 
which browning has occurred to an appreciable extent, since the 
treatment was initiated. 
TABLE 5.—Summary of the influence of fertilizers upon the internal browning 
of Yellow Newtown apples in two different seasons. 
Comparison of results (per cent). 
Num- : : : 
Season, plat, and treatment. | ber of ae ie Tissue browning. Core browning. 
er ily ent. Sound. | 
Trace. Seay Bad. | Trace. | ae | Bad. 
Season of 1918-19; storage | 
temperature, 36° F.: 
wise © Hsregen.. 2.7 -.-. 15 982 48.7 10. 2 10. 2 10.7 17.6 13. 2 | 9:2 
Ist 2,manure....---... 15 | 1,004 11. 4 24. 4 16.6 8.3] 16.9 29.9 33.5 
Plat 3, phosphorus....... 15 945 | 27.4 8.0 3.1 19] 19.2] 22.5 24.7 
Pint Siehoek. 2... ..-- 9 817 23.9 15.2 8.3 5.9 16.5 25.1 26.3 
Season of 1920-21; storage 
temperature, 31° to 32° F.: 
Plat 1, nitrogen.......... 15] 1,560 18.4 24, 4 16.3 17.8 38. 2 21.0 18.6 
Elias 2 amare. 52. - =. 15 | 1,571 8.7 25.1 14.1 25. 1 29. 4 27.0 30.9 
Plat 3, phosphorus....... 15} 1,543 9.0 28.0 22.9 13.9 33.4 31.0 20. 2 
Plas 4 ehork: © 25 4 5. 9 967 7 31.9 13.5 10. 4 32.0 34. 1 26.0 
