34 BULLETIN 460, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
3 years before P. mayriana Sudw.* appeared in print, it would seem 
that the tree must now be known by the earlier established name, 
P. apacheca. 
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS, 
The general appearance of the large, long, deep-green leaves of 
Apache pine distinguish it from all associated species, and remind 
one of the southeastern longleaf pine (P. palustris). Young trees 
(from 5 to 6 years old and from 2 to 3 feet high) are also strikingly 
similar in appearance and habit to the early growth of young long- 
leaf pines (Pl. XXIV).? The crown and trunk form of large trees 
is, however, similar to western yellow pine. Such trees have rather 
open, elongated, or round-topped crowns, and straight trunks clear 
of limbs for from one-third to one-half their height (Pl. X XIII). 
Young trees (Pl. XXIV) have broadly conical, rather compact 
crowns and trunks clear of branches for about one-fourth their 
height. Mature trees are from 50 to 75 feet high and from 14 to 30 
inches in diameter. Doubtless larger trees occur. The bark of both 
old and young trunks is rather narrowly and deeply furrowed, the 
main ridges being connected by smaller side ridges. It varies in 
thickness from 14 to 13 inches. Externally the bark is dark brown, 
newly opened rifts showing dull red-brown. 
The stout dark-green leaves (Pl. X XI, a), which bear minute 
teeth (serratures) on their margins, occur mainly in bundles of 3 
(exceptionally of 2,4, and 5) and are commonly from 8 to 15 inches 
long, some trees bearing leaves 6 to 7 inches long: A cross section of 
the leaves shows from 11 to 14 resin ducts. Each season’s growth of 
leaves remains on the tree about 2 years. The basal sheaths of the 
leaf-bundles, at first light brown and later dark brown, are from 
three-fourths of an inch to 14 inches long and have conspicuously 
fringed margins. ° 
The cones (Pls. XXI, X XII), matured at the close of the second 
season, are commonly from 4 to 54, or sometimes nearly 6, inches 
long and externally a light yellowish or clay-brown, unexposed parts 
of the cone scales being a dark chocolate-brown. They are more 
1The history of this species is as follows: Dr. C. S. Sargent first described it as Pinus 
latifolia (Gard. and For. II, 496, fig. 185, 1889) from specimens collected by Dr. Mayr 
while exploring our Southwest. Later, the present writer found the specific name “ lati- 
folia” to be preoccupied in previously published trinominals applied to two different 
pines, thus making it impossible to retain longer P. latifolig for the Arizona pine. The 
latter was, therefore, renamed P. mayriana in 1897, in honor, as was then supposed, of 
its first discoverer, Dr. Heinrich Mayr. ‘This name must, however, now become a synonym 
of Pinus apacheca Lemmon, which appears to be the first name applied to the tree. Dr. 
Sargent’s present judgment is that the ‘‘ Mayr pine” is a variety only of the western 
yellow pine and he has accordingly designated it as P. ponderosa mayriana (Silva, XI, 
es At hie of seedlings descends to great depth during the first 5 or 6 years; while 
the stem above ground grows very slowly in height, and rarely branches. In this habit 
of growth, young plants differ greatly from the western yellow pine and Arizona pine, 
and strongly resemble the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) in its first few years’ growth. 
