32 BULLETIN 1165, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



a 22-room martin house, and regular feeding stations are maintained 

 during about eight months of the year. 



A bird census taken on 60 acres of this land in 1920 shows that 

 the birds have not been slow to recognize the advantages of this 

 area as a nesting place, but no data are available for comparison to 

 show what changes have taken place since the land has been pro- 

 tected. This section contains the house with flower garden and 

 lawn, about 20 acres of woods including hardwoods and tamarack, 3£ 

 acres of plowed land, and the remainder in grass, with scattered 

 shrubs, mostly juniper. The land is hilly, the higher and more 

 heavily wooded part to the north and west, and sloping to the south, 

 where a small lake extends into the tract for about 2 acres. There 

 are three small ponds and a creek flowing into the lake, the shores 

 of which are marshy, the trees in some places coming nearly to 

 the water. 



Here the birds find food, water, plenty of shelter, and protection 

 from their enemies, natural as well as human, and they have responded 

 by nesting about three times as closely as the normal average. The 

 birds found breeding were as follows: 



Woodcock, 1; mourning dove, 6: red-tailed hawk, 1; black-billed cuckoo, 3; red- 

 headed woodpecker, 4: flicker, 2; whippoorwill, 2; ruby-throated hummingbird, 1; 

 kingbird, 1; crested flycatcher, 2: phoebe, 2; wood pewee, 6; blue jay, 3; crow, 3; 

 cowbird, 10; red-winged blackbird, 5; Baltimore oriole, 4; goldfinch, 7; chipping 

 sparrow, 7; field sparrow, 15; song sparrow, 11; towhee, 8; indigo bunting, 5; scarlet 

 tanager, 2; purple martin, 10; bank swallow, 2; cedar waxwing, 2; red-eyed vireo, 5; 

 yellow-throated vireo, 1; yellow warbler, 15; cerulean warbler, 1; ovenbird, 3; Mary- 

 land yellowthroat, 4; catbird, 12; brown thrasher, 1; house wren, 12; white-breasted 

 nuthatch, 1; blue-gray gnatcatcher, 4; wood thrush, 2; robin, 10: bluebird, 7; English 

 pheasant, 1; English sparrow, 10; a total of 214 pairs of 43 species. 



At Silver Spring, Md., in 1917, the birds gave evidence of their 

 appreciation of efforts in their behalf. The owner of a 6-acre tract 

 has left the place wild for the sake of the birds. About half of this 

 land is hilly meadow, considerably overgrown with bushes and 

 young locust, and the rest is divided about equally between tangled 

 woodland, garden, and grove around the house. Additional attrac- 

 tions have been supplied in the form of feeding stand, bird bath, 

 and several nest boxes. The birds that responded to this care in 

 1917 were: 



Bobwhite, 1; red-headed woodpecker, 1: whippoorwill, 1; kingbird, 1: phoebe, 1; 

 wood pewee, 1: starling, 1 (the second record of the breeding of this species in the 

 vicinity of Washington): orchard oriole, 1; field sparrow, 1: song sparrow, 2: chewink, 

 2; cardinal, 1; indigo bunting, 2; red-eyed vireo, 2; Maryland yellowthroat, 2; 

 yellow-breasted chat, 1: redstart, 1; catbird, 4; brown thrasher, 1; house wren, 7; 

 robin, 2; bluebird, 2; a total of 38 pairs of 22 species. 



Several instances of the abundance of birds on protected areas 

 have already been mentioned. Others may be cited. An average 

 of four years' records at Savannah, Ga., shows 30 pairs of 22 species 

 nesting on 12 acres, about half of which is woodland. At Collins, 

 N. Y., a tract of 28 acres, about equally divided between woods and 

 open land, is protected, but no extra attractions are furnished for 

 the birds. Nevertheless, seven years' counts show the average of 



33 species and 72 nesting pairs of native birds. At Ewing, 111., 5 

 acres, of which 2 were orchard and 1 garden, for four years have 

 averaged a population of 22 pairs of 13 species of native birds besides 

 4 pairs of English sparrows. At Putnam, Conn., on 60 acres, of 



