20 BULLETIN 1202, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
is the number of hours required to cover those acreages. Horses 
were used almost entirely for cultivating, haying, stacking grain, 
drawing header wagon, hauling bundled grain to the thrasher and 
thrashed grain to the bin, and for harvesting row crops. For all 
farms this field work directly connected with growing and harvesting 
the crops constituted about 72 per cent of the total work done with 
horses. 
OTHER WORK. 
A considerable part of the hay grown on these farms was stacked 
in the field and hauled to the barn or feed lot when needed. Corn 
and other row crops when cut for fodder or stover were usually left 
in the field and hauled in when needed. These operations and the 
hauling of other feed to livestock required an average of 283 hours 
of horse labor per farm. 
An average of 141 hours of horse labor was used for hauling 
manure. On many of the farms, however, no manure was hauled 
during the year. The placing of manure on the fields, especially in 
the western area, is of doubtful value. 
Miscellaneous work such as mowing weeds, repairing fences, haul- 
ing water to livestock, ete., required an average of 241 hours of 
horse labor per farm. 
In all, the work not directly connected with growing and harvest- 
ing crops made up about 17 per cent of the total done with horses. 
On the average 82 per cent of the road hauling done with horses 
consisted of hauling grain to market. Wheat was the only cash crop 
on most of the farms, and in the southern and western areas nearly 
all of the other road hauling consisted of hauling supplies to the 
farm. In the northern area a considerable number of farmers raised 
hogs for sale, which they hauled to market with their horses. 
HORSE LABOR HIRED. 
In the southern area much of the threshing was done by custom 
threshermen who furnished the entire crew, which accounts for the 
larger amount of horse labor hired for threshing in that area. Many 
of the farmers hired men and teams to these custom threshermen 
for the season, and this in turn accounts for the large amount of 
horse labor hired out in that area. 
WORK DONE WITH TWO-HORSE TEAMS. 
All farmers in the areas visited, regardless of whether they owned 
tractors or not, used large teams and implements for field work when- 
ever practicable; but about half the work done with horses on the 
farms where tractors were owned was done with two-horse teams. 
Practically all of the plowing, fitting ground, drilling, drawin 
grain binders, headers, and row binders was done with teams o 
three to six horses. Three or four horses were nearly always used 
for planting and cultivating row crops. But two-horse teams were 
ead entirely for haying, stacking grain, drawing header wagons, 
hauling unthreshed grain to the separator and threshed grain to the 
bin, harvesting row crops and making silage, except drawing the 
binder, and hauling feed and manure. Nearly all of the miscella- 
neous work on the farm and road hauling was also done with two- 
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