4 BULLETIN 1202, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE 3.—Details of operation on farms on which tractors were not owned. | 
Southern| Western | Northern! Total 
area. area. area. farms. 
Pum Her Of fAXWIS... 0» + «<2 aisin wn anne semana epee ae See 26 3L 28 85 
BEV OL fad. Ono Winnie noe Sn ono. 2-5 Pee ee eee acres. - 316 779 376 504 
Prop aces Per larm.. <2). fo. 2... oe keen eee eee go... 250 446 288 334 
Area in wheat (seeded 1920)... 2. 2 sto eee oes do.... 196 323 164 232 
RVOLEStOCK per farm: -.: sess... ee see eee number. . 9.8 12.2 9.3 10.5 
wae per head .25-.0.2 +. eka! - Jeers eee eee dollars. - 108 71 111 94 
Necessary work stock per farm....................... number. . 9.8 1 ies 8.7 10.1 
Cost of keeping work stock: 
Rar farm: -.. 2. bo oatect ba eeee ee aan Soe ee eee dollars. . 838 670 608 701 
BU OA = acc we Ue 4 Cotes east s © a ae eee eee do.... 84 54 65 66 
Annual feed consumption, per head: 
RETO oc ek ns 2 Becton Ste hes en, eee a pounds. . 2,073 1,780 2,927 2,246 
Pay. And DOGCRAEe. see sg s canes ae oes See eee doz22 3, 160 3,140 3, 060 3,140 
MASULITO! 2555 Fone cnt cane nea seei eae condemn ee months. . 6.1 6.4 3.9 5.5 
Horse labor: 
BET AAD MON YORI acter aos oa oe ee eee See ee hours. . 6,819 6, 658 5, 561 6,346 
PELMNGAG“VEL VOal 6.2 ds 35 sae ye oe eee ee doz: 709 565 610 624 
ast per hour of horse labor: .-- .: 8-50. cecseso- ees eee cents. . 13 10 12 11 
Increase in size of farm 1918 to 1921.............-... crop acres. . 9 78 42 45 
Crop acres per horse: 
Reh See cr Ba nd. Soe eee ee ee doe 3 25 33 28 30 
NOP Ae NL. 2 poe. ee ok ee ee do 26 37 31 32 
Crop acres per necessary horse. ...:-....-----s¢<--ssace do 26 38 33 33 
DESCRIPTION OF AREAS. 
Southern area.—According to the 1920 census of agriculture the 
avearge size of all farms in the southern area was 242 acres, 191 acres 
of which were classed as improved. On the average 119 acres of 
wheat, 62 per cent of the improved area, were harvested in 1919. 
Nearly all of the land is level and suitable for cultivation. Rainfall 
is usually sufficient to produce a crop of wheat. On the farms visited 
the yield per acre of the wheat harvested in 1921 was 20 bushels. 
Wheat is practically the only cash crop. Little livestock is kept, 
and on many of the farms none is raised for sale. 
Tillage practices in this area are more intensive than in either 
of the other areas visited. Nearly all the land planted to wheat is 
either plowed or listed and sledded, and in addition much of it is 
gone over with a disk harrow. Most of the harvesting is done with 
the binder and the wheat is usually threshed from the shock. 
Western area.—According to the 1920 census of agriculture the 
average size of all farms in the five counties in the western area 
visited was 737 acres, 527 of which were classed as improved. In 1919 
159 acres of wheat per farm were harvested. 
The topography of much of the land makes it unsuitable for 
cultivation. This rough land has never been broken and most of 
it is utilized for grazing purposes. On most of the farms visited 
a larger part of the land was under cultivation, and the proportion 
of the area in wheat (see Table 4) was much larger than the 
average for the area. The rainfall is often insufficient to make a 
crop of wheat. The average yield in 1921 on the farms visited was 
8 bushels per acre, and on many it was 5 bushels or less. 
Tillage practices are less intensive than in either of the other areas. 
Less than half of the land in wheat on the farms visited had been 
plowed previous to seeding, part of the remainder had been disked 
and on part the wheat had been sowed in the previous year’s stubble 
without any preparation whatever. Headers are commonly used for 
ee a 
