48 BULLETIN 1189, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



core, hence the name. The Shortcore is said to have originated in an old or- 

 chard belonging to a Mrs. Todd, near Berea, Ky. 



The trees are small and productive. The fruit matures in late fall and winter 

 at Rockford, Ky. It averages small to medium in size, is deep red over the 

 entire surface, and is of good dessert quality. However, it is without commer- 

 cial value. 

 Smith Cider. Synonym : Moore's Extra. 



Excepting in north-central West Virginia, the Smith Cider variety is not 

 liked in this area. In that part of the Allegheny Plateau region, however, it 

 bears well, is highly colored, and is not seriously affected by blight nor the fruit 

 by black-rot or apple blotch. In all regions of Kentucky and Tennessee and at 

 the lower altitudes in the Allegheny Plateau region of West Virginia it is af- 

 fected seriously by these diseases and is not satisfactory. Because of the faults 

 enumerated above, and because it is not uniformly productive and is very little 

 better than the Ben Davis in dessert quality, it is not being planted in this area 

 and is being replaced by better varieties. 

 Smokehouse. 



The Smokehouse variety is among the apples considered most desirable and 

 most commonly grown in the home orchards of the northern Virginia Valley 

 and Ridge region, and the Allegheny Plateau region. It has not been observed 

 in the other regions of this area. 



The trees are productive, healthy, vigorous, spreading, with drooping slender 

 twigs, and grow to large size. The fruit is large, oblate, and usually highly 

 colored with red stripes. It is aromatic, very good in dessert quality, and 

 will keep to midwinter in cold storage from orchards at the higher elevations. 

 Smoky Twig. 



The Smoky Twig variety is grown to a slight extent in the Gulf Coastal 

 Plains region of Kentucky. The trees are upright, extremely vigorous, and very 

 productive. Unless carefully pruned, the trees are difficult to spray and the 

 fruit is hard to pick. The fruit is large and is desirable because of its long- 

 keeping qualities. It has not been sufficiently tested for its value to be fully 

 known. 

 Springdale. 



The Springdale is found in a few commercial orchards in the Valley and 

 Ridge region of West Virginia and is occasionally seen in other parts of this 

 section. The fruit is subject to bitter-rot and Baldwin spot, is commonly irregu- 

 lar and rough, and is usually easily bruised. It is not of high dessert quality 

 and is excelled generally by many other varieties. At Stanton. Tenn.. in the 

 Gulf Coastal Plains region, however, in one orchard which has been thoroughly 

 sprayed it is proving desirable. The fruit is not as rough there, is highly 

 colored, is one, of the latest to be picked, and is one of the best-keeping varieties. 

 Figure 25 shows a tree of this variety. 

 Stark. 



Although not a prominent commercial variety, the Stark is one of the most 

 widely distributed varieties in commercial and home orchards of this area. It 

 is regarded as a good winter apple in West Virginia and northern Kentucky, 

 but farther south is not a winter variety and is too subject to apple blotch and 

 blight to be desirable. In the section about Lexington, Ky., it is considered a 

 desirable sort, as the trees bear well and the fruit grows to large size and 

 keeps till spring in cold storage. Because the color of the fruit is usually 

 poor and its dessert quality is not high, it has not been planted much in recent 

 years and does not rank as a first-class commercial variety. 

 Stayman Winesap. 



No variety has been planted more extensively in recent years and is giving 

 better satisfaction in this area than the Stayman Winesap (63, 1902. p. 470). 

 It is being widely planted throughout the apple districts of the United States 

 south of those in which the Baldwin succeeds best. It is proving very desirable 

 for both commercial and home use, except where it does not color sufficiently. 



The tree is one of the best and most rapid growers in the nursery and 

 orchard. It is quite resistant to blight and the foliage to cedar rust. Its 

 branches are somewhat brittle in certain localities and sometimes break under 

 a heavy crop. This is not common, however, and rarely has the loss been serious. 

 It bears regularly. In one 9-year-old orchard in western Kentucky the trees 

 had averaged 10 bushels per tree for their total crops up to that time. On the 

 poorer soils throughout all regions in this area the tree bears at an early 

 age, while on heavier and richer soils it may not begin to bear well until 8 or 



