FRUITS IX WEST VIRGINIA, KENTUCKY, AND TENNESSEE. 67 

 GOOSEBERRIES. 



The gooseberry in this area, as well as in the North, is not as popu- 

 lar as the other small fruits, and very few plantations exist. In 

 Hardin and Jefferson Counties in Kentucky, however, the Downingis 

 grown to some extent. It is liked and is usually profitable in those 

 counties. Near Chattanooga, Tenn., the Downing has also been 

 grown successfully. In West Virginia very few gooseberry plants 

 were seen, and these were of the Downing and Houghton varieties. 

 The Downing seems to be the most desirable in all regions of this 

 area where they are grown at the present time. 



RASPBERRIES. 



Occasionally in Tennessee and more frequently in Kentucky and 

 West Virginia commercial plantations of raspberries have been ob- 

 served, chiefly of the red and black varieties. Where proper care 

 has been given the fields, varieties adapted to conditions have been 

 selected, and the plants have been free from crown-gall and mosaic 

 diseases, they have been profitable. In the East Tennessee Valley 

 region the Cuthbert is one of the principal varieties; in the Interior 

 Low Plateau region in Tennessee the Loudon : and in the Gulf Coast- 

 al Plains region, the King red raspberry and the Cardinal purple 

 raspberry are profitable. In the Interior Low Plateau region in Ken- 

 tucky, the King and Cuthbert have proved to be the best red va- 

 rieties, and the Cumberland. Kansas. Farmer, and Gregg are the 

 leading black raspberries. 



VARIETIES OF RASPBERRIES STUDIED IN THIS AREA. 



Cardinal. 



The Cardinal is a purple-cane variety which has proved to he one of the 

 hardiest under the changing winter temperatures of the Interior Low Plateau 

 and Gulf Coastal Plains regions and is the most desirahle purple raspberry 

 grown at present in these regions. The canes are vigorous, hardy, very re- 

 sistant to San Jose scale (which is sometimes serious on raspberries in this 

 section), and very productive. The berry is large, purple in color, and rather 

 soft. If the Royal, hardy in the Northern States, proves hardy under winter 

 conditions and otherwise well adapted to this area it will probably supplant 

 the Cardinal, as the fruit of the Royal is firm and therefore better for ship- 

 ping. 



Cumberland. 



Although usually hardy in this area and one of the most desirable black va- 

 rieties, the Cumberland winterkills in the Gulf Coastal Plains region of Ken- 

 tucky. In some other sections of Kentucky it is reported as the best black rasp- 

 berry. The canes are vigorous and productive, but subject to anthracnose, 

 curly-leaf, and blue-stem. The fruit is large and of good dessert quality. Its 

 season is early. 

 Cuthbert. 



About Knoxville, Tenn., the Cuthbert is the leading red raspberry. It is 

 grown to some extent in other parts of this area, but the King seems generally 

 better adapted to those sections. The Cuthbert has been grown slightly in 

 Alabama, but it is not as productive there as the purple sorts are. The canes 

 are vigorous, long, and productive. Though usually hardy, they are less so 

 than the canes of the Loudon. The berry is large, rather conical, dark red. 

 and high in dessert quality. Its season is later than that of the King, with 

 which it is frequently grown. Figure 31 shows a field of the Cuthbert raspberry 

 near Knoxville, Tenn. 

 Farmer. Synonym : Phun Fanner. 



The Farmer is an early black-cap variety which has proved valuable in 

 northern regions where it and Cumberland live largely replaced all other 



