July, 1908 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



XV 



unique, and it does not hold up in the can as 

 well as the Cuthbert. What the country home 

 now wants is to produce a very early berry, 

 and another very hardy berry, both of them 

 as rich and beautiful as the Cuthbert. 



The best blackcaps are mostly seedlings ol 

 the Gregg. I have grown dozens of them 

 very successfully. The Gregg was a monster 

 berry, but not quite hardy, while most of its 

 seedlings are hardy. One of these that is 

 just now getting into high favor is the Cum- 

 berland — entirely hard and very productive. 

 A good companion for this should be the 

 Kansas, a large, handsome and firm berry of 

 fine quality. For early I should select the 

 Palmer, which is an abundant bearer of beau- 

 tiful berries of high quality. For late I should 

 select Nemaha. One Wisconsin grower of 

 this sort says that it yields for him one hun- 

 dred and fifty bushels to the acre. It is a 

 large and firm berry and of fine quality. The 

 Gault has gained a reputation for autumn 

 bearing, although this autumn fruitage is not 

 of much value, as berries are not very accept- 

 able in market out of their regular season. 

 An autumn bearing sort should, however, be 

 acceptable in a corner of the garden for home 

 use. 



Some of the newer sorts that are claiming 

 attention are the Ransome — a continuous 

 bearer until heavy frost. The Haymaker is 

 an Ohio seedling, not really black, and I do 

 not find it worth the planting. I like the old 

 Davison Thornless, and still plant it, always 

 expecting seedlings from it that are of good 

 quality and without thorns. However, this 

 sort will never give you very heavy crops. 

 Cross it, however, with other sorts and the 

 greatest of all berries may some day start up 

 in your garden. The Doolittle, which was the 

 very first blackcap to be profitable in the gar- 

 den, is still planted, especially in western New 

 York, because it is one of the best for drying 

 and shipping. 



Both raspberries and blackberries like a 

 moderately moist soil, but never wet; and the 

 more mulch the better. The red raspberry 

 will take a dryer soil than the others, but it 

 also likes mulch. None of them are fond of 

 barnyard manure — especially raw manure. I 

 think that this sort of food stimulates root 

 gall. This disease has enormously spread, 

 and very suddenly, from the Atlantic to the 

 Pacific; it is making red raspberry growing a 

 very doubtful affair. The best thing to be 

 done is to dig up the affected plants promptly 

 and burn them. Be careful also not to set a 

 plant which shows any signs of the disease. 

 It is a gall or swelling on the roots. This 

 disease is going out, I am happy to say, and if 

 growers are careful to second the efforts of 

 nature, we shall probably get rid of it, so as 

 to make raspberry culture once more very 

 profitable. So far as I know, gardens have 

 decreased in number almost everywhere for 

 the last ten years. 



The proper manure or food for the rasp- 

 berry is never highly concentrated barn ma- 

 nure, although this may be applied in the 

 form of stable straw. Much better is it to 

 use a heavy mulch of compost. Let this lie 

 all winter and then plow under. Your com- 

 post piles for this purpose should take in very 

 liberally autumn leaves in great quantities, 

 coal ashes, wood ashes, barnyard manure, 

 weeds, turf and all other waste which will 

 make humus. Comminute this in October, 

 and spread it liberally up and down the rows. 

 Let it serve as a root cover for the winter, and 

 plow under in the spring. In setting your 

 plantations be sure to set the rows wide 

 enough apart to run your mulch spreader be- 

 tween ; and in the spring your spraying cart. 

 If there come any sign of fungus, run your 

 spraying cart at any season, with Bordeaux 

 mixture. As the red raspberry is grown from 



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