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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



November, 1908 



One Policy 

 One System 



Universal Service 



THAT the American public requires 

 a telephone service that is univer- 

 sal is becoming plainer every day. 



Now, while people are learning that 

 the Bell service has a broad national 

 scope and the flexibility to meet the 

 ever varying needs of telephone users, 

 they know little of how these results 

 have been brought about. The key- 

 note is found in the motto — "One policy, 

 one system, universal service." 



Behind this motto may be found the 

 American Telephone and Telegraph 

 Company — the so-called "parent" Bell 

 Company. 



A unified policy is obtained because 

 the American Telephone and Telegraph 

 Company has for one of its functions 

 that of a holding company, which fede- 

 rates the associated companies and 

 makes available for all what is accom- 

 plished by each. 



As an important stockholder in the 

 associated Bell companies, it assists 

 them in financing their extensions, and 

 it helps insure a sound and uniform 

 financial policy. 



A unified system is obtained because 

 the American Telephone and Telegraph 

 Company has for one of its functions 

 the ownership and maintenance of the 

 telephones used by the 4,000,000 sub- 

 scribers of the associated companies. 



In the development of the art, it orig- 

 inates, tests, improves and protects new 

 appliances and secures economies in 

 the purchase of supplies. 



It provides a clearing - house of 

 standardization and thus insures econ- 

 omy in the construction of equipment, 

 lines and conduits, as well as in ope- 

 rating methods and legal work — in fact, 

 in all the functions of the associated 

 companies which are held in common. 



Universal, comprehensive service is 

 obtained because the American Tele- 

 phone and Telegraph Company has 

 among its other functions the construc- 

 tion and operation of long distance 

 lines, which connect the systems of the 

 associated companies into a unified and 

 harmonious whole. 



It establishes a single, instead of a 

 divided, responsibility in inter-state 

 connections, and a uniform system of 

 operating and accounting; and secures 

 a degree of efficiency in both local and 

 long distance service that no association 

 of independent neighboring companies 

 could obtain. 



Hence it can be seen that the American 

 Telephone and Telegraph Company is 

 the active agency for securing one policy, 

 one system, and universal service— the 

 three factors which have made the 

 telephone service of the United States 

 superior to that of any other country. • 



American Telephone & Telegraph Company 



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GAME COVERTS 



A. F. D. — To make your Connecticut pas- 

 tures into good game coverts you might plant 

 shrubs which hold their berries through the 

 winter, thus providing a good supply for the 

 birds, and giving them protection from snow 

 and cold and from wild animals. Bushes with 

 thick branches help to keep the snow off the 

 ground so that the birds can find shelter, and 

 their tangled branches make it harder for foxes 

 to crawl through. They also make warm 

 places for nesting and for the protection of the 

 young birds. 



You might try planting seed in the spring, 

 or you could buy small plants and set them out 

 six or seven feet apart. 



The following is a list of shrubs which bear 

 an abundant supply of berries : Cornus pan- 

 iculata, C. stolonifera, C. sericea, C. florida, 

 Ilex verticillata, Rhamnus catharticus, Vibur- 

 num acerifolium, V. dentatum, V. molle, 

 Pyrus arbutifolia, Crataegus, in variety, Ber- 

 beris vulgaris, B. thunbergii, Loniceras in va- 

 riety. You should also plant groups of pines 

 and hemlocks for further protection, and a few 

 oaks and beeches might be useful. 



STREET TREES 



J. I. D. B., Westchester County. — Oaks 

 seem to me far the best trees to plant along the 

 roadside. They are perfect shade trees, having 

 few diseases or insects and making a compar- 

 atively small amount of litter on the ground. 



Their growth is not as slow as people sup- 

 pose — a supposition which originated perhaps 

 because a tree which is known to reach a great 

 age must take a long time to grow, and there- 

 fore must grow slowly! Actually, the trouble 

 is this, that an oak tree is much more difficult 

 to transplant than a maple and the shock of 

 transplanting, when it is poorly done (as it is 

 usually), is greater to the oak than to the 

 maple. 



Eminent authorities claim that the oak does 

 grow as fast as the maple when properly trans- 

 planted. Certainly the annual growth of a 

 young oak, as seen on the butt of a tree that 

 has been cut, is as great as that of a sugar 

 maple. 



I have on my place a black oak and a sugar 

 maple which were planted in the same year 

 and are now of equal size. But even if the 

 oak should not grow as fast, is it not worth 

 waiting for? 



There are twenty-two varieties of native 

 oaks, but of these the following ten are the 

 best for use here: Quercus rubra, red oak; 

 O. palustris, pin oak; 0. coccinea, scarlet oak; 

 O. velutina, black oak; Q. alba, white oak; 

 (J. minor, post oak; Q. macrocarpa, mossy cup 

 oak; Q. plantanoides, swamp white oak; Q. 

 prinus, rock chestnut oak; Q. acuminata, 

 chestnut oak. 



Any of them may be planted in good soil, 

 but for dry ridges it will be safer to use the 

 scarlet, post, or rock chestnut oak. The chest- 

 nut oak grows naturally on dry limestone 

 ridges. For low ground the swamp white, 

 mossy cup, or pin oak will be found best. 

 The white oak I think the finest tree; next to 

 that the post oak, mossy cup and swamp white. 

 These all have leaves with light back and 

 rounded lobes on the leaves. 



In the class with pointed lobes on the leaves 

 I prefer the scarlet oak, after that the pin, red, 

 and black. 



Of these the pin oak is the easiest to get in 

 nurseries and the easiest to transplant. 



The chestnut oaks are seldom planted, yet 

 they are noble trees and should be very useful. 



For special purposes some of the other 

 twelve varieties may be found desirable, and 

 in large collections other species and horticul- 

 tural varieties will be used in moderation. 



