January, 1911 
The cost of construction is low, as ordi- 
nary tin utensils can be employed, with 
dredge cans inserted in the bottom as a 
heat-absorbing shell, and the whole then 
either nickel plated or copper oxidized if 
desired. 
It is well known that water is a good in- 
sulator of heat when circulation is inter- 
ferred with, and it is also a great absorber 
of heat. For instance, a test tube several 
inches long, filled with water, may be held 
in the hand without discomfort at the lower 
end, while the water in the upper portion 
may be boiling at 212 deg. F. from the heat 
of a Bunsen burner flame. 
In ordinary steam cookers and other 
similar devices, where a considerable quan- 
tity of water is heated in order not to boil 
dry, a considerable amount of heat is wasted 
when the cooking has been accomplished, 
by throwing away this large amount of 
water which has absorbed an enormous 
Fig. 4—ELECTRIC VAPOR-COOKER. 
amount of heat. Again, all of the water 
must be heated to the temperature of 212 
deg. or thereabout before any of it will 
boil, when the heat is applied from the bot- 
tom in the ordinary manner. 
For cooking itself the actual amount of 
heat required is very small as compared 
with the heat lost by radiation on a stove, 
and absorbed by the water, which is dis- 
carded after the cooking has been accom- 
plished. In the electric steam and vapor 
cookers, with incandescent lamps, as seen in 
Figs. 4 and 5, it is only necessary to heat 
hoa Wy 
SS 
— tt 
S 
S 
~ 
Fig. 5—ELECTRIC “FIRELESS COOKER.” 
a small film or thin layer of water to the 
boiling point, or thereabout, the vapor or 
steam arising from this small amount of 
water doing the cooking in the steamer, 
while the rest of the water is at a much 
lower temperature, and is utilized as a 
source of supply or storage, while it is, at 
the same time, absorbing heat that is ordi- 
narily wasted by radiation. 
The principle utilized in the ordinary fire- 
less cooker is that the vast amount of heat 
treat” 
Serve the 
Unexpected Visitor 
with Nabisco Sugar Wafers. 
They add a new delight to light 
‘ refreshment and turn your 
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The blending of delicately rich 
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In ten cent tins 
Also in twenty-five cent tins 
CHOCOLATE. TOKENS — all the enthralling good- 
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‘little 
NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY 
ORCHIDS 
We are specialists in this kind of plants, 
We collect, import and grow orchids from 
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We will be glad to fill your order for one 
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Our beautiful Catalogue and special lists 
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LAGER & HURRELL, 
Orchid-Growers and Importers 
SUMMIT, N. J. 
(Garages and Motor Boat Houses 
THE LATEST BOOK. Ready Jan. 2, 1911 
There are 2 136 illustrations of Gara es and 
Motor Boat Houses consisting of interior 
and exterior photographs and plans. These 
are from the designs of twenty-four well 
known Architects. 
Text and illustrations compiled by 
Wm. Phillips Comstock 
Editor of the ‘'Architects’ and Builders’ Magazine’’ 
Bound in Cloth and Art Paper, size 742 x 104% 
PRICE, $2.00 
The Wm. T. Comstock Co. 
23 Warren Street, New York 
