May, 1911 
An apple orchard in blossom 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
OT 
etic 
Spraying the Apple Orchard 
By Benjamin W. Douglass, State Entomologist of Indiana 
FTER a lethargic existence of many years 
the orchard owners of America are at 
last awakening to a realization of the 
possibilities in apple culture. ‘There is 
not a neglected “home orchard” in our 
country but that could be brought back 
into a good bearing condition, and made 
to produce perfect fruit. This is a condition that is realized 
by many farmers who would gladly give their trees proper 
attention if they knew what to do. They realize their 
trouble, but do not know the cure. 
In the following pages I have taken no account of any 
other branch of orchard work save that of spraying for 
the fruit. This work is now beyond the experimental stage 
and successful spraying is based on a few broad and well 
established principles. 
WHAT TO SPRAY FOR 
In all orchards there are two classes of pests which ren- 
der fruit growing difficult. These may be characterized 
as insect pests and fungous diseases, and being of entirely 
different natures it is obvious that the same spray solutions 
will not be effective for both classes of troubles. 
Apple blotch 
Apple scab 
As a result we must plan some way in which the two dif- 
ferent sorts of troubles can be combatted by spraying with 
a single solution. Before taking up this part of the ques- 
tion it would be well to briefly review the principal insects 
and fungous diseases which interfere with the growing of 
perfect fruit. It is expected, of course, that the serious 
horticulturist will make a thorough study of his local condi- 
tions and that he will be well posted on the troubles which 
acutally occur in his own orchard. 
Consequently, in preparing the following list of insects 
and diseases, I have included only the more serious which 
are certain to be found in most sections, leaving to the in- 
dividual orchard owner the task of picking out his minor 
troubles and devising means of combatting them. 
The following list of insects which are responsible for 
defective fruit includes only those forms which obtain their 
food by actually eating the substance of the plant on which 
they occur. Consequently all of these insects will be de- 
stroyed by an application of some internal poison, like 
arsenate of lead. 
The Codling Moth.—This is, perhaps, the most com- 
mon and the best known of all insects which injure the 
Bitter rot 
