June, 1911 
is their liability to move back and forth just as the lens is 
opened for an exposure. Usually the best time to operate 
is in the early morning or late in the afternoon, before the 
wind rises or after it dies down. 
If one becomes dissatisfied with photographs 
in monochrome of flowers, and desires to see 
how they look in the color of nature, we have 
what is known as the autochrome plate, that pro- 
duces in one opera- 
tion a positive on 
glass, having all 
the true colors of 
the original flower 
or group of flow- 
ers. They may be 
made in sizes from 
lantern size, three 
and one-quarter by 
four inches, to five 
by seven and eight 
by ten, and be hung 
in the window 
as transparencies. 
SHEICMIELOIS C O-Pil C, 
natural color flower 
photographs 
Oielass are 
wonderfully interesting. There is also the new Ives Color 
Process plate, in which three sensitive plates are exposed 
in a special camera all at one time. From each of these 
three duplicate negatives, separate positive prints on a 
transparent film are made, and each film respectively colored 
or tinted blue, yellow or red, with special dyes. When 
dried, the color films are superimposed over each other 
and clamped between two transparent thin glass plates, 
producing a composite graded colored picture of great 
brilliancy. One advantage of this process is that any num- 
ber of duplicate color reproductions can be made from the 
negative by the manufacturer of the apparatus, when de- 
sired, or by the photographer himself. 
Thus we see that by the use of the camera in the garden, 
not only the form and peculiarities of a given flower may be 
preserved in monochrome, but also in its true colors as 
observed by the eye. When these are projected in a 
lantern on a screen they afford pleasure and interest to the 
observer. 
To the botanist the camera is useful in photographing the 
structure and cross section of plant or flower stalks, which 
will enable him to arrange the photographs for comparison 
in groups of different species in any given general class. 
A glimpse of the garden walk 
A photograph of peonies in bloom 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
233 
They can be photographed when fresh, and thus show more 
clearly the structure than when the specimens are in a dried 
condition. 
When the image on the negative is very small, enlarged 
positive prints can 
be made to a uni- 
form size on any of 
the usual bromide 
papers supplied by 
dealers in  photo- 
graphic materials, 
which will enable 
the botanist to easily 
compare the prints 
because of their 
good record. 
To go a little 
further in the study 
of flower structure 
he can arrange a small microscope on the front 
of the camera in place of the usual lens and 
remove the viewing eye-piece, then insert this 
viewing end of the microscope into the front 
part of the camera to come opposite the ground 
glass, at the rear. 
Now, by placing, say, the center of a flower 
on the stage of the microscope opposite the 
lens and properly illuminating the object, and looking at the 
ground glass of the camera under a dark cloth to cover the 
head and exclude the exterior light, the magnified image of 
the pollen dust in the center will be observed on the glass 
and can be increased to any desired size. The dust globules 
have different shapes. “ Then the plate is inserted in the 
camera back and the exposure made. 
Comparisons of the pollen of different flowers can thus 
be secured, which will make a valuable record for future 
preservation. 
By obtaining photographs of flowers of uniform size 
the botanist can secure them on the same sheet along side 
of the dried specimen. This will show their natural appear- 
ance when growing. 
The possessor of a kodak camera can obtain fairly good 
negatives of flowers on the usual kodak film (which is 
orthochromatic as to certain of the plant colors), by view- 
ing the flowers or group of flowers through the finder for 
properly locating the position of the image on the film. 
In a good light with the aperture of the lens adjusted to 
f-16 one to three seconds exposure will be sufficient. If the 
light is weak, as at early morning or near sunset, the ex- 
posure may be increased possibly to five seconds. 
Rose bushes are massed 
against the terrace 
FTE 
A bed of rhododendrons 
