July, 1911 
UP-TO-DATE PEARL DIVING 
NE by one industries of various kinds, 
about which for centuries there has 
clung the atmosphere of romance, 
are losing their glamor, by reason of the ad- 
vancement of practical science. For in- 
stance, pearl diving. The era of naked 
divers exposed to peril from sharks has 
passed away; modern progress equips the 
pearler with a suit of India rubber, copper 
breastplate, with leaden weights back and 
front; helmet, glass paneled and with tele- 
phonic attachments; air pipes, life lines 
and a submarine searchlight. Thus fur- 
nished forth, the pearl diver may spend six 
or eight hours at the bottom of the sea, 
whereas in other times three minutes made 
a record. 
Although pearls are found in nearly all 
molluscs and even in univalves, like the 
Australian haliotis, a kind of barnacle, true 
pearls are produced only by the pearl oyster 
or mother of pearl shell. The latter is really 
the diver’s bread and butter. The shells are 
nearly as large as a dinner plate and weigh 
two pounds when cleaned. They fetch from 
$500 to $750 a ton. 
The ancient fisheries were chiefly in the 
Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, but nowa- 
days the best pearls come from Ceylon and 
from Australian waters, especially Torres 
Straits. Pearl fishing in Ceylon is a gov- 
ernment monopoly. In March tthe fleet 
starts for the pearling grounds, each vessel 
with twenty_or thirty divers and their as- 
sistants. But the headquarters of pearling 
are to be found in the desolate country ex- 
tending from Exmouth Gulf to King Sound, 
in Western Australia. 
Chinese and Malays as well as tribes of 
native blacks are there to-day, but the old 
nude divers, the reign of terror and piracy 
where a large haul was made, these and 
similar conditions have passed away, giv- 
ing place to fleets of luggers carrying mod- 
ern diving outfits and representatives of 
capitalists in the person of the master 
pearlers. Here is 600 miles of coast line, 
with perhaps 3,000 hardy adventurers en- 
gaged in the pearl trade. 
There are some thousands of Japanese, 
Manilamen, Malays, and men of other races, 
acting chiefly as crews for the vessels. The 
vessels are schooner rigged and from seven 
to fourteen tons burden. Each carries a 
master diver and a crew of four, one of 
whom is the diver’s assistant and works the 
air pumps. 
The shells are found on ledges about 
ninety feet down in the sea, but they are far 
more plentiful at greater depths. Fortune 
awaits the inventor of a diving apparatus 
that will enable the pearler to work in com- 
fort a hundred fathoms down. 
A good day’s work is anything more than 
two hundred pairs of shells. The business is 
absolutely speculative. One diver may 
gather ton after ton of shells without secur- 
ing anything of greater value than a few 
seed pearls, while another may take a for- 
tune out of a day’s gathering. 
The most famous pearl discovered in 
Australia of late years is known as the 
Southern Cross. It consists of a cluster of 
nine pearls in the shape of a cross. This 
freak of nature was picked up at low water 
on the Lacipede Island by a beachcomber, 
who, after burying it for some time for 
superstitious reasons, sold it for $50. It 
afterwards brought $50,000. 
The worst enemy the Australian pearl 
divers have are the storms that annually 
visit the coast. As to sharks, they rarely 
attack a diver in modern dress, and he can 
always frighten them off by letting a few 
air bubbles out of his dress.. Other enemies 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
this as 
well as 
ao— 
that the average 
cigaret is not a 
smoking proposition, 
but a selling proposition. 
The Makaroff business is 
different. \ started the manu- 
facture of 
Makarofi 
Russian Cigarets 
because that was the only way I could be sure of getting the kind of 
cigarets I wanted. [thas grown because there are a lot of 
other folks who want that kind of a cigaret. And the number 
grows just as fast as people find out what kind of a cigaret 
Makaroff 1s. 
Just let this fact sink into your consciousness and stay there—this business 
is and always will be operated to make a certain kind of cigarets—not merely to 
do acertain amount of business. I always have believed that if we produced 
the quality, the public would produce the sales. And that faith has been 
justified. Makaroffs are really different from other cigarets — and the ditfer- 
ence is all in your favor. 
You will find that you can smoke as many Makaroffs as you want with- 
out any of the nervousness, depression or ‘‘craving’’ that follows the use of 
ordinary cigarets. 
Makaroffs are absolutely pure, clean, sweet, 
% anything whatever to give them artificial flavor, 
them burn. 
Pure tobacco won’t hurt you. You may not be used to it, and you may not 
like the first Makaroff, but you’ll like the second one better, and you'll stick 
to Makaroffs forever if you once give them a fair chance. We have built 
this business on quality in the goods and intelligence in the smoker—a com- 
bination that simply can’t lose. 
No. 15 is 15 Cents— No. 25 is a Quarter 
Plain or Cork Tips 
untouched by 
or to make 
mild tobacco, 
sweetness, 
Ask Sa at Awe) C2 ren As\ 
Your Your 
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Write for an interesting booklet 
113 Broad St., 
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