August, I91t AME RIGANeeEOMES AND GARDENS 
THE FREEZING POINT OF ORANGES 
SERIES of important and interesting 
experiments has just been carried 
out in the laboratory of Rollins Col- 
lege, Winter Park, Fla., by Dr. O. W. Sad- 
ler, Jr., for the purpose of determining the 
freezing points of the juices of different 
varieties of oranges. The juices of the 
ordinary orange, tangerine, grapefruit and 
tardiff (Valencia), were tested for this 
purpose. 
In preparing for the test, several pieces 
ot each variety from oranges from different 
trees were selected, and three samples from 
each piece were used for the test. The 
juice of each sample was strained and 
cooled, and with the thermometer immersed 
in it, was watched closely as the mercury 
went down, readings of the instrument be- 
ing taken every few seconds, and at the 
moment freezing began, the temperature 
was carefully recorded. The following are 
the averages of the repeated tests: 
Freezing point of the juice of the ordi- 
nary orange, 21.79 deg. F. Freezing point 
of the juice of the tangerine, 22.57 deg. F. 
Freezing point of the juice of the grape- 
fruit, 22.16 deg. F. Freezing point of the 
juice of the tardiff, 21.87 deg. F. 
The temperature of the freezing varied 
in the different samples of the same variety, 
the range being 19.40 deg. to 22.44 deg. F. 
The thermometer used was a high-grade 
instrument that had been compared with 
the Rollins College standard thermometer, 
one of Henry J. Green’s best instruments. 
DISSOLVING GLASS IN WATER 
VERY kind of glass at a sufficiently 
high temperature must, it appears 
from German experiments recently 
made, eventually show complete solubil- 
ity in water. Under pressure, glass dis- 
solves in water heated to 410 deg. F. Sea- 
water more than 660 feet beneath the sur- 
face will remain liquid at that tempera- 
ture, and if it penetrates the earth’s crust 
where the temperature is equally high, it 
will, apart from the pressure, liquefy the 
silicates, or glassy rocks. The German 
experiments point to the conclusion that, 
at a depth of about five miles, silicates in 
contact with water are virtually fluid, 
and that the level of aqueous fusion in 
the earth is five times nearer the surface 
than is that of igneous fusion. 
THE WATER MONKEY 
S temperatures rise and the de- 
mand for cool drinks increases, it is 
well to consider some means of se- 
curing a palatable cold drink that will not 
only be free from the objections raised by 
many to iced drinks, but will also be 
economical. Those who have been on ship- 
board in the tropics will recall the water 
monkey, a porous jar filled with water and 
hung in a breeze so that evaporation from 
its surface would cool its contents. Now 
that electric fans are universally used, it 
seems someone should invent a convenient, 
effective holder for a water bottle with wet 
cloths or some similar absorbent covering 
for the bottle to place in the range of an 
electric fan so that the latter would, by 
evaporating the water from around the bot- 
tle or other water holder, cool the water to 
a pleasant temperature for drinking. This 
need not in any way detract from the pri- 
mary purpose of the fan and the cooling de- 
vice could be made entirely independent of 
the fan and of the bottle and adapted to 
receive any desired form of water-holding 
vessel. 
SMITHSON), 7 
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