August, I9II 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV 
ever, have some sort of embellishment in 
the form of appliqué in a severely simple 
design. Such pillows would be used as a 
support for the back. One or two addi- 
tional pillows for the sofa could be made 
of raw silk in bright red or yellow, just to 
add a touch of strong coloring to the brown 
room. <A pattern of some kind could be 
embroidered on the silk, or a motif in block 
printing partly concealed with darning 
would be appropriate. The design must, 
however, be conventional and  unob- 
trusive, and be a decorative flat mass 
of color rather than anything of a pic- 
torial nature. The colors introduced in 
the pillows give opportunity for empha- 
sizing some dominant note in the room. 
The rug or the lamp-shade may suggest 
what this touch of color should be. Ina 
handsome room where leather is used a 
few cushions of the same material would 
be very harmonious. Leather appliqué, 
cut leather, or tooled leather would give 
an appearance of richness and simplicity, 
but there must be a soft down or feather 
filled pillow for use when lounging. 
Leather being a repellent surface could 
not be used except to lean against. The 
parlor pillows give more opportunity for 
variety. If there is a roomy sofa covered 
with a plain green fabric the background 
conditions are ideal. Embroidery, darn- 
ing, or appliqué can any of them be used 
to ornament the pillows. Chinese self- 
toned silks, Shikii silks, the English cot- 
ton velvets with their beautiful designs 
by Morris and Voisey are all appropriate 
and for a room with tan walls; the atmos- 
phere requires an individual treatment 
in the pillows and ornaments. The wash- 
able pillow-covers must not be over- 
looked, for they give a freshness to the 
sofa group, but they must be dainty in 
texture and exquisitely worked. Italian 
cut work, or Greek lace, or even Filet 
net, may be brought into service. They 
are made in the form of loose covers over 
silk pillows. The finish of a pillow must 
be appropriate. Fortunately, the days 
of frills and bow-knots are a thing of 
the past, and no woman who moves with 
the times will be guilty of such indiscre- 
tions. A silk cord for the silk pillow, or 
a plain seam or a hem extending beyond 
the edge of the pillow, are always in 
good taste. The leather pillow may have 
the edges left and be sewn with coarse 
leather thongs or stitched the size of the 
pillow with edges left free. 
WONDERFUL EFFECTS OF 
FORESTS 
STRIKING example of the trans- 
forming effect of forests, not only 
on the appearance, but on the pro- 
ductivity of a country, is afforded by the 
department of the Landes in France. At 
the close of the eighteenth century about 
2,500,000 acres in that region were little 
more than shifting sand-dunes and dis- 
ease-breeding marshes. At the present 
time the same lands are among the rich- 
est, most productive and healthful in all 
France, and the change has been brought 
about by intelligent cultivation of pine 
forests. Even the character of the cli- 
mate of the region has been ameliorated, 
and it has become mild and balmy. A 
thin layer of clay beneath the sandy upper 
surface of the soil, formerly impervious 
to water, has been pierced by the pine 
roots, until a thorough drainage is estab- 
lished to the spongy earth that lies below. 
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Fire Fighting and Telephoning 
Both Need Team Work, Modern Tools 
and an Ever Ready Plant, Everywhere 
Twenty men with twenty buckets can put out a 
small fire if each man works by himself. 
If twenty men form a line and pass the buckets 
from hand to hand, they can put out a larger fire. 
But the same twenty men on the brakes of a 
“hand tub’? can force a continuous stream of 
water through a pipe so fast that the bucket 
brigade seems futile by comparison. 
The modern firefighter has gone away beyond 
the ‘‘hand tub.’’ Mechanics build a steam fire 
engine, miners dig coal to feed it, workmen build 
reservoirs and lay pipes so that each nozzleman 
and engineer is worth a score of the old- 
fashioned firefighters. 
The big tasks of today require not only team 
work but also modern tools and a vast system 
of supply and distribution. 
The Bell telephone system is an example of 
co-operation between 75,000 stockholders, 
120,000 employees and six million subscribers. 
But to team work is added an up-to-date plant. 
Years of time and hundreds of millions of money 
have been put into the tools of the trade ; into the 
building of a nation-wide network of lines; into 
the training of men and the working out of meth- 
ods. The result is the Bell system of today—a 
union of men, money and machinery, to provide 
universal telephone service for ninety million 
people. 
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY 
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES 
One Policy 
One System 
Universal Service 
Monoplanes and Biplanes 
Construction and Operation 
Their Design, 
The Application of Aerodynamic Theory, with a Complete 
Description and Comparison of the Notable Types 
By Grover Cleveland Loening, B.Sc., A.M., C.E. 
N the many books that have already been written on aviation, this fasci- 
nating subject has been handled largely, either in a very ‘“‘ popular’’ and 
more or less incomplete manner, or in an atmosphere of mathematical 
theory that puzzles beginners, and is often of little value to aviators themselves. 
There is, consequently, a wide demand for a practical book on the subject— 
a book treating of the theory only on its direct relation to actual aeroplane 
design and completely setting forth and discussing the prevailing practices in the 
construction and operation of these machines. 
is a new and authoritative work that deals with the subject in precisely this 
manner, and is invaluable to anyone interested in aviation. 
It covers the entire subject of the aeroplane, its design, and the theory on which 
its design is based, and contains a detailed description and discussion of thirty- 
eight of the more highly successful types. 
12mo., (6x8% inches) 340 pages, 278 illustrations. Attractively bound in cloth. 
Price $2.50 net, postpaid 
An illustrated descriptive circular will be sent free on application. 
Munn & Company, Inc., Publishers 
361 Broadway, New York 
“*Monoplanes and Biplanes” 
