September, 1911 
duced and protection secured against fungus 
disease without the injurious effect result- 
ing from copper compound. Bordeaux 
mixture is still being used, but in the spray- 
ing of apples it has taken second place. 
Special attention has been given to experi- 
mental work in perfecting the method of 
using the new sulphur sprays for the fruit 
spot and leaf disease. As a result, fruit- 
growers who have used the new sprays have 
secured fine crops of the best apples they 
have ever grown. Spraying has very largely 
prevented the fruit spot and leaf disease 
known as cedar rust, or orange rust, preva- 
lent in the Blue Ridge and Alleghany moun- 
tain district from Pennsylvania to Tennes- 
see. The peach-growers of Virginia, West 
Virginia, and Georgia have been prompt to 
adopt the discovery of spraying with self- 
boiled lime-sulphur for brown rot and scab, 
which has resulted in the removal of some 
of the factors which rendered the growing 
of this fruit uncertain. The pear blight 
eradication methods have been in extensive 
use on the Pacific coast. 
THE LUMINOSITY OF THE SUN 
HERE have recently been published in 
France some stupendous figures with 
reference to the luminosity of the 
sun, as calculated by Nordmann, of the 
Paris Observatory. 
By him the solar heat is placed at 6,482 
deg. C. The sun’s total candle-power is 
represented by him in a string of figures 
beginning with 18 followed by twenty-seven 
noughts. This inconceivable sum is equiva- 
lent to 1,994,000 for every square inch of 
the sun’s surface. Again, some idea of the 
amount of light these figures represent may 
be had from the fact that the most powerful 
electric arc light has an illuminating power 
of only 20,000 candles. 
Prof. Nordmann states that, from every 
bit of the sun’s surface the size of a finger- 
nail there issues a quantity of light that 
would be sufficient to illuminate the entire 
Avenue de l’Opéra for a whole night. In- 
asmuch as the sun’s surface is estimated to 
be some 200,000,000 square miles, its total 
luminosity may be placed at 51,000,000,- 
000,000 times that of the street mentioned. 
This French observer has also under- 
taken the task of measuring the light and 
heat of various large stars, some of which 
are stated to be even more powerful illumi- 
nants than the sun. For example, Sirius is 
found by him ee be about thirty times hotter 
than the sun, , 190,600 deg. C., while the 
Polar Star is a PS os aval cold body of 
merely 8,200 degrees. 
STAMPS MADE FROM GLUE 
N PLACE of rubber stamps, Gerhard, of 
Emden, makes stamps of glue. On the 
set-up type a few sheets of tinfoil are 
laid, and with the aid of a felt a single deep 
impression is made by means of a press. 
The tinfoil matrix is then taken from the 
mold and lightly oiled. About the matrix 
oiled lead sills are arranged, and joiners’ 
glue, to which a little printers’ roller mass 
has been added, is then poured in. After 
cooling, this can readily be detached. For 
the first few days after casting the stamp 
remains somewhat soft, but subsequently 
hardens, without losing the elasticity re- 
quired for a stamp. The stamps made by 
this quick and cheap process must, of 
course, be mounted on wooden handles, 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
“in 
Vil 
Large maples from our nursery the second year after planting 
Are YouGoing to Plant Saplings and Wait Years 
—or Hicks Big Trees and Get Results at Once 
JN ten or fifteen years the 
saplings in front of the 
house below will possibly 
be as big as those in the 
illustration above. Perhaps 
they will be shapely, sturdy 
specimens — perhaps not. 
It’s rather of a chance. 
How much more sensi- 
ble, more economical, it is 
to simply come to Hicks’ 
nursery and pick outgrown 
trees that are sturdy, well 
developed, beautiful speci- 
mens and get immediate 
results and get just the results you want with the long 
wait left out. One fine linden or pin oak with an 8-inch 
trunk and 20 feet spread of branches would cost more than 
out your trees. 
those pathetic little saplings, 
but it would at once add 
at least $200 to the prop- 
erty’s value, to say naught 
of the welcome protection 
it would afford. 
You actually take less 
risk in buying Hicks big 
trees than the usual small 
ones — in fact, there is 
practically no risk — for 
Hicks trees thrive. Now 
is the time to move ever- 
greens; and from next 
month on, Maples, Lindens, 
Catalpa and Pin Oaks. Come to our nursery and pick 
If you can’t, then send for our catalog; 
it’s an easy matter to order from it. 
ISAAC HICKS & SON, Westbury, L.I. 
RRO NE 910 Fee 
coverings from injury. Also beautify 
your furniture by using Glass Onward 
Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in 
place of casters. Made in 110 styles 
and sizes, If your dealer will not 
supply you 
Write us—Onward Mfg. Co., 
Menasha, Wisconsin, U. S, A. 
Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. 
Cost $2,500 
a A Choice Collection 
of 40 houses, bungalows and cottages 
costing from $1,000 to $10,000 are 
illustrated and described in 
“HOMES OF CHARACTER” 
a book of practical house designs, 
working drawings and specifications, 
which are for sale at moderate prices. 
Sent postpaid for $1.00. Des. Cir. 2c. 
JOHN HENRY NEWSON, Architect 
1245 Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, 0. 
«“FIBREX” PANEL ‘BOARD 
No laths and plaster 
The interior finish best adapted for Bungalows. 
necessary. [Easily and quickly put up. 
Lends itself to all kinds of decora- 
tion. Write for information and estimates. 
Charles D. Brown & Co., Inc. 
49 FEDERAL STREET 
BOSTON, MASS. 
