12 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
the other by an Antarctic route,* and of these 31 occur also in 
Australia. These 35 genera contain 74 species, of which 89 per 
cent. are peculiar to New Zealand. If now we take the sub- 
tropical, or warm temperate, genera, which do zo¢ occur in 
South America, we find that there are 33 of them,t of which 31 
are also found in Australia. These genera contain 96 species, 
of which 93 per cent. are endemic. There are thus 68 genera 
which appear to have been introduced from the north, and to 
these we must add the greater part, at any rate, of the 41 genera 
which are confined to Australia and New Zealand, for 90 per 
cent. of the New Zealand species belonging to these genera are 
endemic. Mr. Wallace gives a list of sixteen of these genera 
which, not occurring in tropical Australia, he supposes must have 
migrated to or from New Zealand across the sea; and he says 
that nearly all these genera have in their seeds special facilities 
for transmission. But just as good reasons could be found for 
showing that many of his tropical genera have equal facilities 
for transmission, and as 87 per cent. of the New Zealand species 
belonging to these 16 genera are endemic, while of the 33 genera 
named by Mr. Wallace as having come from the north, only 72 
per cent. of the species are endemic, we must conclude that the 
16 temperate genera have been in New Zealand as long as the 
33 sub-tropical genera. As a matter of fact, 15 out of the 16 
are found in Queensland, and it is more reasonable to suppose 
that some of the tropical species have died out in Australia than 
that all the 16 genera have crossed the sea, an opinion not 
shared in by Sir J. Hooker, nor by Mr. T. Kirk.t 
Passing on now to the probably antarctic genera, that is 
southern genera which have spread east and west in south temper- 
ate latitudes, we find that they number 20,§ containing 76 species, 
of which only 60 per cent are endemic. Nineteen of the species 
are also found in Australia or Tasmania, and II or 12 in South 
America. There are also 56 genera of north temperate plants, 
which probably spread with the Antarctic forms, containing 199 
species, of which 67 per cent. are peculiar to New Zealand. The 
remaining 87 genera I am unable to place. Most of them be- 
long to two or more geographical elements, but others—such as 
Fagus—are doubtful. 
* They are Drimys, Aristotelia, Discaria, Dodonea, Sophora, Weinmannia, 
Gunnera, Eugenia, Fuchsia, Passiflora, Sicyos, Eryngium, Oreomyrrhis, Griselinia, 
Loranthus, Viscum, Lagenophora, Pratia, Myrsine, Sapota, Seb@a, Calceolaria, 
Gratiola, Vitex, Pisonia, Cassytha, Atherosperma, Peperomia, Piper, Libocedrus, 
Podocarpus, Libertia, Astelia, Cordyline, and Cyperus. (arasses omitted, 
¢ They are Pzttosporum, Melicope, Leptospermum, Metrosideros, Meryta, Cop- 
rosma, Stylidium, Cyathodes, Parsonsia, Mitrasacme, Geniostoma, Mazus, Tetran- 
thera Knightia, Exocarpus, Santalum, Epicarpurus, Llatostemma, Ascarina, 
Dammara, Dacrydium, Dendrobium, Bolbophyllum, Sarcochilus, Gastrodia, Cory- 
santhes, Microtis, Lyperanthus, Thelymitra, Freycinetia, Dianella, Areca, and 
Gahnia. 
+ See Trans, N. Z. Institute, vol. xi., p. 546. 
§ I take the following as_ typical :—Colobanthus, Oxalis, Acena, Donatia, 
Tillea, Drosera, Apium, Nertera, Abrotanella, Cotula, Forstera, Pernettya, 
Ourisia, Drapetes, Callixene, Rostkovia, Gaimardia, Carpha, Oreobolus, and 
Uncinia. 
