178 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
gin retains the power of producing marginal bodies; and it after 
an injury of the margin new margin-flaps are formed, marginal 
bodies are also produced between them. The character of the 
embryonic tissue to form marginal bodies between all flaps, again 
makes it appearance if a new formation of the umbrella margin 
takes place. 
4. “A Monograph of the Australian Sponges,” Part II., by R. 
von Lendenfeld, Ph.D. 
A general outline of the Morphology and Physiology of the 
Sponges is given in this paper, and the classification to be used in 
the systematic part of the work is indicated. It is a condensed 
abstract of our present knowledge on the subject, with a few refer- 
ences concerning the main points. Theclassification differs some- 
what from that of recent authors, and is arranged so as to suit the 
Australian sponges, as well as the European ones. It became 
necessary, therefore, as no one had studied the Australian sponges 
before, to reconstruct the classification. The sponges are con- 
sidered as Metazoa, and forming a Class in the type Ccelenterata. 
They are classified as follows :— 
(1.)—Gastraeadae (hypothetical, not forming colonies, and 
without skeleton). 
I. Calcispongiz (calcareous skeleton). é 
I1.—Myxospongiz (no skeleton, canalsystem much branched, 
ciliated chambers, sometimes scattered siliceous bodies) 
I11.—Ceraospongiz (skeleton composed of horny fibre, 
sometimes with scattered siliceous bodies outside the 
fibres). 
IV.—Monacticere (with Monactinellid spicules within the 
fibres, and often with siliceous bodies scattered through 
the ground substance.) 
V.—Hyalospongie (originally without a horny skeleton. 
Skeleton consisting of siliceous spicules with four or six 
axes, 
Vi Mtn petinn ae (with a skeleton composed of Monacti- 
nellid spicules, originally with a horny skeleton). 
5. ‘* The Hydromeduse of Australia,’ Part I1., by R. von Len- 
denfeld,'Ph D. 
According to the principles set forth in Part I. of this paper, 
the Hydromedusze are classified in anew manner, and the Austra- 
lian representatives of the first four families in this system are de- 
scribed or referred to. The paper contains descriptions of several 
new and interesting forms, and in every case an abstract of every- 
thing known on the histology of every species is given, with refer- 
ences. The most interesting of the new forms is Eudendrium generale, 
the male polypastyles of which show a great similarity to Medusa. 
They possess four aboral tentacles in the principal radii, and on 
these the spermatozoa reach maturity. These tentacular appen- 
dages are therefore homologous to the radial canals of the Cras- 
pedote Medusew. Some deductions are drawn herefrom, and the 
homology of the parts in Medusew and Polypes described difter- 
ently to the views expressed by Allman and others. The umbrella 
is not homologous to a web between the tentacles of the mouth, 
but between the generative tentacular processes at the aboral pole. 
6. ‘* Revision of the Recent Rhipidoglossate and Docoglossate 
Mollusca of New Zealand,” by Protessor F. W. Hutton, F.G.S. 
