200 , JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 
Tipulid is Zanyderus forcipatus, described by me in the 
“ Vienna Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch, 1879,” p. 520; I believe it 
came from the North Island. Itisa very aberrant form, the first 
representative of which was found as a fossil in Prussian amber, 
and described by Dr. Loew. I had the good fortune to discover 
a second species in the United States (Atlantic side), and a third 
in California. A fourth species, from Chili, has been described 
by Dr. Philippi; a fifth from Amboina, by Doleschall. These 
six species are most closely connected by certain characters, and, 
at the same time, by these same characters they are isolated from 
all the other Tipulide. It is evidently a survival of a bygone 
fauna. 
The well-marked genus T7vochobola differs from all the Tipu- 
lidz, by the presence of a supernumerary cross-vein between the 
two last longitudinal veins. The wings of the five or six known 
species are adorned with ocellate brown spots. The geographical 
distribution of these species is remarkable. Two closely allied 
species occur in Europe, principally in the northern and in the 
Alpine regions—they are by no means common ; a third species, 
likewise very closely related, is found in the northern regions of 
North America. Two species, as yet undescribed, have been 
found in New Zealand ; and I remember seeing specimens from 
Tasmania in the British Museum, whether of a different species 
from the New Zealand ones I cannot say. The Arctic area of 
Trochobola is thus separated from the Antarctic by a zone of 
more than 80 degrees of latitude; nevertheless the species are 
so much alike that an unpractised eye might easily confound 
them. I look upon Yvochobola as one of the most remarkable 
instances of a disconnected area I know of. I need not enter 
here into the important questions suggested by it. | 
I should have said something now on the species of the cos- 
mopolitan genera that occur in New Zealand, but the poverty of 
my collection prevents me from enlarging on this subject. Seven 
species of Zabanus are described from there, but I do not possess 
a single one of them. JZycetophilide seem to be numerous, and 
to have the same general appearance as all over the world. 
Rhyphus must be common, and is represented by two species 
that are exceedingly like the European species, although easily 
distinguished from them. All the species of RAyphus thus far re- 
corded (from North America, Brazil, Chili, New Guinea, Tas- 
mania) have, as far as I know, the same appearance. A very 
common insect in New Zealand seems to be Oxcodes (Henops) 
brunneus, Hutton (recently described in Prof. Hutton’s Cata- 
logue). I find it in almost every collection. The genus is cos- 
mopolitan ; but in Europe one might collect for a long time before 
getting hold of an Ozcodes. In my small New Zealand collection 
there are twenty specimens already. The larve of these flies “ve 
in the abdomen of spiders, and it would be interesting to ascertain 
what New Zealand spider is afflicted by that parasite. 
It remains now to notice some European species which I find 
among my New Zealand collection. 
