274 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
Australia ; and perhaps, in the earlier periods, with those of the 
Penins’ a of India. 
Of course it is not denied that a scattered immigration may 
have been going on ever since the cretaceous period ; but it is 
asserted that this immigration has been small and almost in- 
appreciable in comparison with the rushes that took place from 
the north in the lower cretaceous, and from both north and south 
in the eocene and pliocene periods. The emigration from New 
Zealand has, I think, beensmall. Probably no land existed in 
the Antarctic Pacific to convey plants and animals from New 
Zealand to South America, and a northern migration of New 
Zealand plants is almost out of the question. <A few stragglers 
may have been carried by birds to Tasmania or to temperate 
Australia, but that perhaps is all that can be allowed. Our 
fauna and flora is indeed a standing protest against the views of 
those naturalists who would make the winds scatter abroad 
insects and seeds of plants over hundreds of miles, and who 
imagine land shells and lizards to float about on logs for days 
and weeks together without being killed. 
NOTES TO PART I. 
1, Mr. Etheridge, as mentioned in the text, was the first to suggest that the 
Desert Sandstone of Australia was a lacustrine deposit; but it was a mere sugges- 
tion. Prof. Ralph Tate arrived at the same conclusion quite independently, and 
brought forward facts to support it. See Anniversary Address, Roy. Soc. of South 
Australia, for 1878-9, p. Ix. 
2. At the meeting of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, held on 30th 
July, 1884, Mr. Ratte exhibited fossils of the genera Rostellaria, Fusus, Pleuroto- 
maria (?), Belemnites, Venus, and Nautilus, from the interior of New Caledonia, 
together with a fragment of bone, He observed that these fossils were characteristic 
ot the upper cretaceous period, and were likely to identify these New Caledonia beds 
with some already known in New Zealand. He also exhibited an /noceramus from 
the neocomian of Noumea. 
3. Before this address was delivered, Mr. A. Agassiz had come to the conclu- 
sion that the specialisation_of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific faunas began soon after 
the end of the cretaceous period,—Report on the ‘‘ Blake’ Echini, Part I., p. 83, 
September, 1883. 
4. Since this address was in type I have come across an article in the Geological 
Magazine for 1882, by Mr. J. S. Gardner, in which several of the views maintained 
in my two addresses are enunciated, 
OOLOGY OF NEW ZEALAND. 
——_—_— <> ———_—_ 
BY 1: Hy POLTS: 
———. 
ORDER II.—PERCHING BIRDS—PASSERES. 
Family Hirundinide—Swallows. 
Genus— Hirundo. 
6. fTirundo nigricans, Vieill. 
Tree Swallow.—Several notices of the occurrence of the Tree 
Swallow have been recorded. It was observed by Mr. Enys 
skimming over the Avon at Christchurch in 1861. It inhabits 
Tasmania, Australia, and New Guinea. 
* Continued from p, 226, 
