302 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 
the “Ibis” of July, 1864, appears his paper on “ The birds in- 
habiting the Southern Ocean,” which we may consider as his 
first original contribution to scientific knowledge. “ A sketch of 
the Geology of the Island of Malta” came out in the “ Geological 
Magazine” for April, 1866, but he had made a geological map 
of the island three years previously. These essays show that the 
mind of their author was become more and more engaged in 
scientific work, and probably impatient of the drudgery and 
routine of his official duties; and it was to satisfy this craving 
after a more congenial mode of existence that the change which 
altered the rest of his life was made. 
New Zealand, then as now, presented itself as a country in 
every way attractive to English colonists, but above all to one 
with tastes for geology and natural history it was of surpassing 
interest as offering an almost untouched field. Turning his 
thoughts therefore abroad, it was to this Colony that Captain 
Hutton resolved to come, and accordingly in 1866 he retired from 
the army, and left the old country. At that period, as so many 
know to their cost, the manufacture of Phormium fibre was the 
industry which attracted most attention in the Colony; and 
having settled in the Waikato, Captain Hutton tried his hand at 
it. But the adventure proved very unfortunate, and being com- 
pelled to turn his attention to some other work, he accepted 
occupation from the Geological Survey Department. Early in 
1867 he was employed to make a geological survey of the lower 
Waikato district, his work being published in pamphlet form by 
the Department. ‘“ This pamphlet may be said to have laid the 
eroundwork of his most important geological researches in New 
Zealand, for his name is more specially identified with the 
tertiary rocks than with those of earlier date. It was, however, 
published hurriedly, and in 1870 he revised his classification of 
the rocks in a paper read before the Auckland Institute (Trans. 
N.Z. Inst., Vol. III, p. 244). During the year 1868 he was em- 
ployed to report on the Thames Gold Field, and called attention 
to the interesting fact that the rocks in which the auriferous 
reefs occur belong to a series of submarine volcanic tufas resting 
unconformably on the slates which form the framework of the 
Cape Colville peninsula. This submarine outburst he considered 
marked the commencement of volcanic activity in early Tertiary 
times, and which has lasted almost continuously to the present 
day. In 1871 Captain Hutton was appointed Assistant- 
Geologist, and removed to Wellington ; and in this position he 
remained for nearly three years, when he received the appoint- 
ment of Provincial Geologist of Otago in 1873, and took up his 
residence in Dunedin. “ During these year: of connection with 
the Geological Department he made some very extensive re- 
connaissance surveys in the north-east portion of the South 
Island and also in Southland. He also described the tertiary 
fossils which had been collected up to that time, and attempted 
to subdivide the tertiary systems by the per centage of recent 
forms,” 
