426 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
of Islands. Here the invaluable local knowledge of the Rev. W.- 
Colenso (now of Napier) and of the late Dr. Sinclair, of Auckland, 
enabled him to make a very thorough exploration of the district, and 
to acquire a close acquaintance with the facies of the New Zealand 
flora. 
The scientific results of this voyage were published by the 
British Government, the botanical portion in six quarto volumes, viz. : 
the “Flora Antarctica,’ ‘“ Flora Nove-Zelandie,” and “ Flora Tas- 
manie,” which appeared during the years 1843 to 1860. In these 
floras Hooker included all the information on the subject he had 
collected from other sources, and by a comparison of the new plants 
discovered with the species of other parts of the world, he succeeded 
in greatly advancing our knowledge of the laws which govern the 
distribution of plants over the surface of the earth. The analyses of 
the plants, and in particular those of the cryptograms, are for the 
most part from the author’s own drawings, many of them made 
during the voyage. 
The Flora of Lord Auckland’s and Campbell’s Island came out in 
1843-45, and that of Fuegia, the Falkland Islands, &c., in 1845-47, 
but the “ Flora Nove-Zelandie ” was not published till 1851-53, and 
in the interval. between the return of the Antarctic expedition and 
the issue of this work, he had opportunities of widely extending his 
botanical knowledge. In 1846, he was appointed botanist to the 
Geological Survey of Great Britain, and contributed, later on, to 
their “ Transactions” a valuable memoir on “The Vegetation of the 
Carboniferous period as compared with that of the present day.” In 
the following year he went to investigate the plants and make a 
geographical survey of the Himalayah Mountains. The record of his 
travels in these parts appeared subsequently in his entertaining 
“ Himalayan Journals,” in which he narrates not only his scientific 
experiences as far as they are interesting to general readers, but also 
his adventures in Sikkim, where he and Dr. Campbell were kept as 
prisoners for some weeks by the Rajah. During this tour he 
discovered a great number of new plants, including no less than 
thirty-seven species of Rhododendron. The chief works resulting 
from this journey, namely, the “Rhododendrons of the Sikkim 
Himalaya” and the “ Himalayan Journals” were published respec-: 
tively in 1849-51 and 1855. The idea of the “Flora Indica” was 
probably conceived also during this journey. 
The admirable introduction to the “Flora Nove-Zelandie” is 
dated from Kew, April, 1852. The second chapter is devoted to an 
investigation of the limits of species, together with their dispersion 
and variation. Hooker opens this portion of the work with the 
following assumptions, which he works out in detail :— 
1. That all the individuals of a species have proceeded from one 
parent (or a pair), and that they retain their distinctive (peaney 
characters. 
2. That species vary more than is ation admitted to be the: 
case. | 
3. That they are also more widely distributed than is usually q 
supposed. 
