436 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
Probable 
Systems. ' Series. European Equivalents... 
( Kereru Series. 
Ormond Series. 
. Petane Series. 
r 4 
Ao anganui System + putiki Series. 
Older Glacier deposits. 
| Lignites of Otago, Manakau Flats,'&c. 
( Awatere Series. 
| Kanieri Series. 
| Tawhiti Series. 
}) Ahuriri Series. 
| Waitemata Series. 
(Brown Coals of Pomahaka, &c. 
(Mt. Brown Series. 
| Aotea Series. 
Camaru System 4 Ototara Series. ‘ Oligocene. 
Turanganui Series ? 
Coals of Waikato, Kaitangata, &c. 
Newer Pliocene. 
Older Pliocene. 
Pareora System Miocene. 
ea ee eas Oe ee 
Matakea Series= Greymouth Series. 
Coals of Greymouth, &c. 
Putaka Series. 
Mataura Series= Flaghill Series. Lower Jurassic. 
Catlin’s RiverSeries 
i Bastion Series. 
| Wairoa Series = { oak eee Triassic. 
{ | 
J 
Amuri Series: 
: 4 
Waipara System ‘im Series? Upper Cretaceous. 
Hokanui Series 4 
Maitai System ... Aare aye oan : Carboniferous, 
Kakanui Series. \ Silurian. 
Baton River Series= ! Walhao caren, 
Takaka System 4 
ee catia cee ‘ Wanaka Series. Ordovician. 
Manipouri System Riwaka Series. Archean. 
General Geological Structure.-—In the South Island the New 
Zealand Alps are formed by a main anticlinal running from the 
neighbourhood of Lake Wanaka in a north-easterly direction to 
Tasman Bay. The greater part of the west side of this has been 
removed by denudation in Westland, so that the ridge of the Alps no 
longer coincides with the axis of the curve, but forms part of its south- 
easterly face. To the east of this axis the strata are thrown into 
secondary folds, in which all the Leds up to the Hokanui system 
inclusive partake. The Waipara system is also to some extent involved 
in Otago and Nelson; while the rocks of the Oamaru and younger 
systems either retain their original plane of deposition or are occasionally 
locally disturbed. These last occupy, for the most part, valleys, or 
wrap round spurs of the older rocks. A large fault occurs iu the west 
part of Otago running in @ nearly north and south direction through. 
Te Anau Lake, and throwing up the Manipouri system to the west. 
No clear evidence of the age of this “Te Anau fault” has yet been 
obtained, as the junction between the Manipouri and the Maitai systems 
has not been closely studied. But it appears to have been formed 
before the deposition of the Maitai system. 
The North Island is very different. A narrow ridge, rising in the 
Kaimanawa Range, east of Lake Taupo, to 5,000 feet, runs from 
Wellington in a north-easterly direction to near the East Cape, 
attaining also here in Hikurangi a height of 5,500 feet. It is bordered 
